Changes in empyema among U.S. children in the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine era

• Published in: Vaccine Vol. 34; no. 50; pp. 6243 - 6249
• Main Authors: Wiese, Andrew D, Griffin, Marie R, Zhu, Yuwei, Mitchel, Edward F, Grijalva, Carlos G
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier Ltd 07.12.2016; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: Adolescent; Age; Allergy and Immunology; Child; Child, Preschool; Disease; Empyema - epidemiology; Epidemiology; Female; Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine - administration & dosage; Heptavalent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine - immunology; Hospitalization; Humans; Immunization; Incidence; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Invasive pneumococcal disease; Male; Mortality; Parapneumonic empyema; Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; Pneumococcal Vaccines - administration & dosage; Pneumococcal Vaccines - immunology; Pneumonia; Population; Streptococcus; Streptococcus infections; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Studies; Transplants & implants; Trends; United States - epidemiology; Vaccines; United States > US; RR; PCV13; PCV; 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; Nationwide Inpatient Sample; United States; CI; invasive pneumococcal disease; Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project; Epidemiology; 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; PCV7; International Classification of Diseases, 9th revision-Clinical Modification; HCUP; NIS; relative rate; confidence interval; U.S; Parapneumonic empyema; IPD; ICD9-CM; pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; Invasive pneumococcal disease
• ISSN: 0264-410X; 1873-2518
• DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.10.062

Highlights • Parapneumonic empyema started increasing among U.S. children before PCV7 introduction in 2000, and continued afterwards. • PCV13 introduction was associated with a reduction in parapneumonic empyema among U.S. children. • The empyema rate reached a historical low among children <2 years after PCV13 introduction.