Genome-wide reprogramming of metabolism and regulatory networks of Arabidopsis in response to phosphorus

• Published in: Plant, cell and environment Vol. 30; no. 1; pp. 85 - 112
• Main Authors: MORCUENDE, ROSA, BARI, RAJENDRA, GIBON, YVES, ZHENG, WENMING, PANT, BIKRAM DATT, BLÄSING, OLIVER, USADEL, BJÖRN, CZECHOWSKI, TOMASZ, UDVARDI, MICHAEL K, STITT, MARK, SCHEIBLE, WOLF-RÜDIGER
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.01.2007; Blackwell Publishing Ltd; Blackwell; Wiley
• Subjects: amino acids; Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis - genetics; Arabidopsis - metabolism; Arabidopsis - physiology; ATH1; Biological and medical sciences; carbohydrates; coordination compounds; enzyme activity; enzymes; expression profiling; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Gene Expression Profiling; gene expression regulation; Genes. Genome; genetics; Genome, Plant; Life Sciences; Metabolism; metabolites; Molecular and cellular biology; Molecular genetics; nitrate; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; nutrition; organic acids and salts; phosphate; phosphorus; Phosphorus - metabolism; photosynthesis; Photosynthesis, respiration. Anabolism, catabolism; physiology; Plant physiology and development; qRT‐PCR; regulator genes; reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction; transcription factors; Vegetal Biology; ATH1; Arabidopsis; transcription factors; expression profiling; qRT-PCR; phosphate; enzymes; nitrate; Metabolism; metabolites; Cruciferae; Dicotyledones; Angiospermae; Spermatophyta; Transcription factor
• ISSN: 0140-7791; 1365-3040
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2006.01608.x

Affymetrix ATH1 arrays, large-scale real-time reverse transcription PCR of ~ 2200 transcription factor genes and other gene families, and analyses of metabolites and enzyme activities were used to investigate the response of Arabidopsis to phosphate (Pi) deprivation and re-supply. Transcript data were analysed with MapMan software to identify coordinated, system-wide changes in metabolism and other cellular processes. Phosphorus (P) deprivation led to induction or repression of > 1000 genes involved in many processes. A subset, including the induction of genes involved in P uptake, the mobilization of organic Pi, the conversion of phosphorylated glycolytic intermediates to carbohydrates and organic acids, the replacement of P-containing phospholipids with galactolipids and the repression of genes involved in nucleotide/nucleic acid synthesis, was reversed within 3 h after Pi re-supply. Analyses of 22 enzyme activities revealed that changes in transcript levels often, but not always, led to changes in the activities of the encoded enzymes in P-deprived plants. Analyses of metabolites confirmed that P deprivation leads to a shift towards the accumulation of carbohydrates, organic acids and amino acids, and that Pi re-supply leads to use of the latter. P-deprived plants also showed large changes in the expression of many genes involved in, for example, secondary metabolism and photosynthesis. These changes were not reversed rapidly upon Pi re-supply and were probably secondary in origin. Differentially expressed and highly P-specific putative regulator genes were identified that presumably play central roles in coordinating the complex responses of plants to changes in P nutrition. The specific responses to Pi differ markedly from those found for nitrate, whereas the long-term responses during P and N deprivation share common and non-specific features.