To Model a Psychiatric Disorder in Animals: Schizophrenia As a Reality Test

• Published in: Neuropsychopharmacology (New York, N.Y.) Vol. 23; no. 3; pp. 223 - 239
• Main Authors: Lipska, Barbara K, Weinberger, Daniel R
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY Elsevier Inc 01.09.2000; Nature Publishing; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: Adult and adolescent clinical studies; Animal models; Animals; Antipsychotics; Behavior; Biological and medical sciences; Diabetes; Disease; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; Drugs; Etiology; Genetic models; Glutamate; Humans; Medical sciences; Mental disorders; Mental Disorders - chemically induced; Mental Disorders - genetics; Mental Disorders - physiopathology; Neurobiology; Neurodevelopment; Neurosciences; Pathophysiology; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychopathology. Psychiatry; Psychoses; Psychotropic drugs; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenia - chemically induced; Schizophrenia - genetics; Schizophrenia - physiopathology; Validation studies; Validity; Schizophrenia; Neurodevelopment; Animal models; Glutamate; Genetic models; Animal model; Nervous system diseases; Dopamine; Pathogenesis; Central nervous system; Glutamate receptor; Review; Catecholamine; In vitro; Psychosis; In vivo; Etiology; Newborn animal; Animal; Genetics; Antagonist; NMDA receptor; Neurotransmission; Brain (vertebrata)
• ISSN: 0893-133X; 1740-634X
• DOI: 10.1016/S0893-133X(00)00137-8

Animal modeling has been instrumental in dissecting pathophysiological mechanisms and designing more effective therapies in many areas of medicine but not so in psychiatry. The critical obstacle in modeling psychiatric disorders has been limited information about their origin and underlying neural mechanisms. Recently, with rapidly growing knowledge about the neurobiology and genetics of psychiatric disorders, animal models of these diseases are gaining popularity in psychiatric research. New models of schizophrenia mimic biological phenomena associated with the clinical condition, particularly developmental changes in the cortex, abnormalities of glutamate neurotransmission, and genetic characteristics of selected behavioral traits. The biological fidelity of some aspects of these new models suggests that they will be useful in the development of new therapies, in identifying candidate genes, and in providing new insights about pathophysiology and etiology.