Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant nanostructured cellulose membranes loaded with phenolic-based ionic liquids for cutaneous application

• Published in: Carbohydrate polymers Vol. 206; pp. 187 - 197
• Main Authors: Morais, Eduarda S., Silva, Nuno H.C.S., Sintra, Tânia E., Santos, Sónia A.O., Neves, Bruno Miguel, Almeida, Isabel F., Costa, Paulo C., Correia-Sá, Inês, Ventura, Sónia P.M., Silvestre, Armando J.D., Freire, Mara G., Freire, Carmen S.R.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 15.02.2019
• Subjects: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - administration & dosage; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - chemistry; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology; Antiinflammatory properties; Antioxidant properties; Antioxidants - administration & dosage; Antioxidants - chemistry; Antioxidants - pharmacology; Bacterial cellulose; Caffeic Acids - administration & dosage; Caffeic Acids - chemistry; Caffeic Acids - pharmacology; Cell Line; Cellulose - chemistry; Choline - administration & dosage; Choline - chemistry; Choline - pharmacology; Drug Liberation; Elastic Modulus; Ellagic Acid - administration & dosage; Ellagic Acid - chemistry; Ellagic Acid - pharmacology; Female; Gallic Acid - administration & dosage; Gallic Acid - chemistry; Gallic Acid - pharmacology; Humans; Ionic liquids; Ionic Liquids - administration & dosage; Ionic Liquids - chemistry; Ionic Liquids - pharmacology; Membranes, Artificial; Mice; Nanostructures - chemistry; Phenolic acids; Skin - drug effects; Skin treatment; Topical applications; PBS; Skin treatment; BC; BC-ILs; NO; DPPH; [Chol][Gal]; LPS; Phenolic acids; DMEM; FBS; Antiinflammatory properties; Ionic liquids; [Chol][Caf]; Bacterial cellulose; Antioxidant properties; [Chol]2[Ell]; Topical applications
• ISSN: 0144-8617; 1879-1344
• DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.051

[Display omitted] The utilization of natural compounds, such as phenolic acids and biopolymers, in the healthcare domain is gaining increasing attention. In this study, bacterial nanocellulose (BC) membranes were loaded with ionic liquids (ILs) based on phenolic acids. These ionic compounds, with improved solubility and bioavailability, were prepared by combining the cholinium cation with anions derived from caffeic, ellagic and gallic acids. The obtained BC-ILs membranes were homogeneous, conformable and their swelling ability agreed with the solubility of each IL. These membranes revealed a controlled ILs dissolution rate in the wet state and high antioxidant activity. In vitro assays performed with Raw 264.7 macrophages and HaCaT keratinocytes revealed that these novel BC-ILs membranes are non-cytotoxic and present relevant anti-inflammatory properties. Diffusion studies with Hanson vertical diffusion cells showed a prolonged release profile of the ILs from the BC membranes. Thus, this work, successfully demonstrates the potential of BC-ILs membranes for skin treatment.