New Approach For Simvastatin As An Antibacterial: Synergistic Effect With Bio-Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria

• Published in: International journal of nanomedicine Vol. 14; pp. 7975 - 7985
• Main Authors: Figueiredo, E P, Ribeiro, J M, Nishio, E K, Scandorieiro, S, Costa, A F, Cardozo, V F, Oliveira, A G, Durán, N, Panagio, L A, Kobayashi, Rkt, Nakazato, G
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New Zealand Dove Medical Press Limited 01.10.2019; Dove; Dove Medical Press
• Subjects: Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology; Antibacterial; Antibacterial agents; Antilipemic agents; Bacteria; Bacterial infections; Beta lactamases; Cell Death - drug effects; Drug resistance in microorganisms; Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial - drug effects; Drug Synergism; Electron microscopy; Erythrocytes - drug effects; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli - drug effects; Fusarium - drug effects; Fusarium - metabolism; Fusarium - ultrastructure; Humans; Metal Nanoparticles - chemistry; Metal Nanoparticles - ultrastructure; metallic nanoparticles; Methicillin; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - drug effects; Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus - ultrastructure; Microbial drug resistance; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microscopy; multidrug-resistant bacterial; Nanoparticles; Original Research; Silver; Silver - pharmacology; Simvastatin; Simvastatin - pharmacology; Staphylococcal infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus aureus infections; Statins; synergism; Brazil; synergism; antibacterial; metallic nanoparticles; multidrug-resistant bacterial; statins
• ISSN: 1178-2013; 1176-9114; 1178-2013
• DOI: 10.2147/IJN.S211756

Multidrug-resistant bacteria such as extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), Enterobacteriaceae, and methicillin-resistant (MRSA) pose a challenge to the human health care system. MRSA is among the major causes of hospital-acquired and community infections. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized by (AgNP ) in combination with simvastatin against reference and multidrug-resistant bacterial strains. Simvastatin showed a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranging from 0.062 to 0.25 mg mL against MRSA. AgNP with a size of 77.68± 33.95 nm and zeta potential -34.6 ± 12.7 mV showed an MIC of 0.212 mg mL against including MRSA strains. The checkerboard assay and time-kill curves exhibited a synergistic effect of the simvastatin-AgNP combination on antibacterial activity against MRSA strains. The combination of simvastatin and AgNP demonstrated antibacterial activity against producing ESBL. Scanning electron microscopy showed the formation of cell surface protrusions after treatment with AgNP and the formation of a large amorphous mass after treatment with simvastatin, both in MRSA. Our results indicate that the combination of AgNP and simvastatin could be a great future alternative in the control of bacterial infections, where, when combined with simvastatin, smaller doses of AgNP are required, with the same antibacterial activity.