Gut Microbiota and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Association, Mechanism, and Translational Applications

• Published in: Mediators of inflammation Vol. 2021; pp. 1 - 12
• Main Authors: Zhang, Lili, Chu, Jinjin, Hao, Wenhao, Zhang, Jiaojiao, Li, Haibo, Yang, Chunjuan, Yang, Jinghan, Chen, Xiaohua, Wang, Honggang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Hindawi 17.08.2021; John Wiley & Sons, Inc; Wiley
• Subjects: Antifungal agents; Bacteria; Branched chain amino acids; Deoxycholic acid; Diabetes; Diabetes mellitus (non-insulin dependent); Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - metabolism; Disease; Esters; Fatty acids; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Fecal microflora; Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology; Glucose; Gut microbiota; Humans; Imidazole; Inflammation; Insulin resistance; Intestinal microflora; Lipopolysaccharides; Metabolic disorders; Metabolites; Microbiota; Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms); Pathogenesis; Physiological aspects; Prevention; Probiotics; Probiotics - therapeutic use; Propionic acid; Review; Translation; Transplantation; Type 2 diabetes; China
• ISSN: 0962-9351; 1466-1861; 1466-1861
• DOI: 10.1155/2021/5110276

Gut microbiota has attracted widespread attention due to its crucial role in disease pathophysiology, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Metabolites and bacterial components of gut microbiota affect the initiation and progression of T2DM by regulating inflammation, immunity, and metabolism. Short-chain fatty acids, secondary bile acid, imidazole propionate, branched-chain amino acids, and lipopolysaccharide are the main molecules related to T2DM. Many studies have investigated the role of gut microbiota in T2DM, particularly those butyrate-producing bacteria. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that fecal microbiota transplantation and probiotic capsules are useful strategies in preventing diabetes. In this review, we aim to elucidate the complex association between gut microbiota and T2DM inflammation, metabolism, and immune disorders, the underlying mechanisms, and translational applications of gut microbiota. This review will provide novel insight into developing individualized therapy for T2DM patients based on gut microbiota immunometabolism.