Examining the equity and diversity characteristics of academic general surgeons hired in Canada

Méthodes : Des renseignements démographiques ont été recueillis auprès des personnes embauchées en chirurgie générale dans des établissements universitaires au Canada, incluant le genre, l'appartenance à une MV, le lieu de pratique et le niveau d'études. Le lieu de résidence a...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published inCanadian Journal of Surgery Vol. 66; no. 5; pp. E458 - E466
Main Authors Gawad, Nada, Purich, Kieran, Verhoeff, Kevin, Anderson, Blaire
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Ottawa CMA Impact Inc 01.10.2023
CMA Impact, Inc
Subjects
Canada
College professors
Data collection
Demographic aspects
Employee selection
Employment
Gender
Hiring
Hospitals
Hypothesis testing
Management
Medical colleges
Multiculturalism & pluralism
Native North Americans
Surgeons
Surgery
Workforce
Workplace multiculturalism
Canada
Online AccessGet full text

Cover

Abstract Méthodes : Des renseignements démographiques ont été recueillis auprès des personnes embauchées en chirurgie générale dans des établissements universitaires au Canada, incluant le genre, l'appartenance à une MV, le lieu de pratique et le niveau d'études. Le lieu de résidence a été noté pour les personnes récemment embauchées en chirurgie générale (entre 2013 et 2022). Des statistiques descriptives ont été compilées sur les caractéristiques démographiques dans chaque établissement. Nous avons utilisé le coefficient de corrélation de Pearson et le test d'hypothèse pour déterminer la corrélation entre divers paramètres, et le genre et l'appartenance à une MV.
AbstractList Méthodes : Des renseignements démographiques ont été recueillis auprès des personnes embauchées en chirurgie générale dans des établissements universitaires au Canada, incluant le genre, l'appartenance à une MV, le lieu de pratique et le niveau d'études. Le lieu de résidence a été noté pour les personnes récemment embauchées en chirurgie générale (entre 2013 et 2022). Des statistiques descriptives ont été compilées sur les caractéristiques démographiques dans chaque établissement. Nous avons utilisé le coefficient de corrélation de Pearson et le test d'hypothèse pour déterminer la corrélation entre divers paramètres, et le genre et l'appartenance à une MV.
BACKGROUNDJob competition and underemployment among surgeons emphasize the importance of equitable hiring practices. The purpose of this study was to describe some of the demographic characteristics of academic general surgeons and to evaluate the gender and visible minority (VM) status of those recently hired. METHODSDemographic information about academic general surgeons across Canada including gender, VM status, practice location and graduate degree status was collected. Location of residency was collected for recently hired general surgeons (hired between 2013 and 2020). Descriptive statistics were performed on the demographic characteristics at each institution. Pearson correlation coefficients and hypothesis testing were used to determine the correlation between various metrics and gender and VM status. RESULTSA total of 393 general surgeons from 30 academic hospitals affiliated with 14 universities were included. The percentage of female general surgeons ranged from 0% to 47.4% and the percentage of VM general surgeons ranged from 0% to 66.7% at the hospitals. This heterogeneity did not correlate with city population (gender: r = 0.06, p = 0.77; VM: r = 0.04, p = 0.83). The percentage of VM general surgeons at each hospital did not correlate with the percentage of VM population in the city (r = 0.13, p = 0.49). Only 34 of 120 recently hired academic general surgeons (28.3%) did not have a graduate degree. The percentage of recently hired academic general surgeons who did not have a graduate degree was approximately 1.5 times higher among male hirees than female hirees. With respect to academic promotion, the percentage of female full professors ranged from 0% to 40.0% and did not correlate with the percentage of female general surgeons at each institution (r = 0.11, p = 0.70). The percentage of VM full professors ranged from 0% to 44.4% and was moderately correlated with the percentage of VM surgeons at each institution (r = 0.40, p = 0.16). CONCLUSIONThe academic general surgery workforce appears to be somewhat diverse. However, there was substantial heterogeneity in diversity between hospitals, leaving room for improvement. We must be willing to examine our hiring processes and be transparent about them to build an equitable surgical workforce.
Background: Job competition and underemployment among surgeons emphasize the importance of equitable hiring practices. The purpose of this study was to describe some of the demographic characteristics of academic general surgeons and to evaluate the gender and visible minority (VM) status of those recently hired. Methods: Demographic information about academic general surgeons across Canada including gender, VM status, practice location and graduate degree status was collected. Location of residency was collected for recently hired general surgeons (hired between 2013 and 2020). Descriptive statistics were performed on the demographic characteristics at each institution. Pearson correlation coefficients and hypothesis testing were used to determine the correlation between various metrics and gender and VM status. Results: A total of 393 general surgeons from 30 academic hospitals affiliated with 14 universities were included. The percentage of female general surgeons ranged from 0% to 47.4% and the percentage of VM general surgeons ranged from 0% to 66.7% at the hospitals. This heterogeneity did not correlate with city population (gender: r = 0.06, p = 0.77; VM: r = 0.04, p = 0.83). The percentage of VM general surgeons at each hospital did not correlate with the percentage of VM population in the city (r = 0.13, p = 0.49). Only 34 of 120 recently hired academic general surgeons (28.3%) did not have a graduate degree. The percentage of recently hired academic general surgeons who did not have a graduate degree was approximately 1.5 times higher among male hirees than female hirees. With respect to academic promotion, the percentage of female full professors ranged from 0% to 40.0% and did not correlate with the percentage of female general surgeons at each institution (r = 0.11, p = 0.70). The percentage of VM full professors ranged from 0% to 44.4% and was moderately correlated with the percentage of VM surgeons at each institution (r = 0.40, p = 0.16). Conclusion: The academic general surgery workforce appears to be somewhat diverse. However, there was substantial heterogeneity in diversity between hospitals, leaving room for improvement. We must be willing to examine our hiring processes and be transparent about them to build an equitable surgical workforce.
Méthodes : Des renseignements démographiques ont été recueillis auprès des personnes embauchées en chirurgie générale dans des établissements universitaires au Canada, incluant le genre, l'appartenance à une MV, le lieu de pratique et le niveau d'études. Le lieu de résidence a été noté pour les personnes récemment embauchées en chirurgie générale (entre 2013 et 2022). Des statistiques descriptives ont été compilées sur les caractéristiques démographiques dans chaque établissement. Nous avons utilisé le coefficient de corrélation de Pearson et le test d'hypothèse pour déterminer la corrélation entre divers paramètres, et le genre et l'appartenance à une MV.
Background: Job competition and underemployment among surgeons emphasize the importance of equitable hiring practices. The purpose of this study was to describe some of the demographic characteristics of academic general surgeons and to evaluate the gender and visible minority (VM) status of those recently hired. Methods: Demographic information about academic general surgeons across Canada including gender, VM status, practice location and graduate degree status was collected. Location of residency was collected for recently hired general surgeons (hired between 2013 and 2020). Descriptive statistics were performed on the demographic characteristics at each institution. Pearson correlation coefficients and hypothesis testing were used to determine the correlation between various metrics and gender and VM status. Results: A total of 393 general surgeons from 30 academic hospitals affiliated with 14 universities were included. The percentage of female general surgeons ranged from 0% to 47.4% and the percentage of VM general surgeons ranged from 0% to 66.7% at the hospitals. This heterogeneity did not correlate with city population (gender: r = 0.06, p = 0.77; VM: r = 0.04, p = 0.83). The percentage of VM general surgeons at each hospital did not correlate with the percentage of VM population in the city (r = 0.13, p = 0.49). Only 34 of 120 recently hired academic general surgeons (28.3%) did not have a graduate degree. The percentage of recently hired academic general surgeons who did not have a graduate degree was approximately 1.5 times higher among male hirees than female hirees. With respect to academic promotion, the percentage of female full professors ranged from 0% to 40.0% and did not correlate with the percentage of female general surgeons at each institution (r = 0.11, p = 0.70). The percentage of VM full professors ranged from 0% to 44.4% and was moderately correlated with the percentage of VM surgeons at each institution (r = 0.40, p = 0.16). Conclusion: The academic general surgery workforce appears to be somewhat diverse. However, there was substantial heterogeneity in diversity between hospitals, leaving room for improvement. We must be willing to examine our hiring processes and be transparent about them to build an equitable surgical workforce. Contexte : Les processus d'accès aux postes et le sous-emploi en chirurgie rappellent l'importance d'adopter des pratiques d'embauche équitables. Cette étude avait pour but de décrire certaines des caractéristiques démographiques de la maind'oeuvre en chirurgie générale dans les hôpitaux universitaires et d'établir le statut à l'égard du genre et de l'appartenance à une minorité visible (MV) chez les personnes récemment embauchées. Méthodes : Des renseignements démographiques ont été recueillis auprès des personnes embauchées en chirurgie générale dans des établissements universitaires au Canada, incluant le genre, l'appartenance à une MV, le lieu de pratique et le niveau d'études. Le lieu de résidence a été noté pour les personnes récemment embauchées en chirurgie générale (entre 2013 et 2022). Des statistiques descriptives ont été compilées sur les caractéristiques démographiques dans chaque établissement. Nous avons utilisé le coefficient de corrélation de Pearson et le test d'hypothèse pour déterminer la corrélation entre divers paramètres, et le genre et l'appartenance à une MV. Résultats : En tout, 393 personnes embauchées en chirurgie générale dans 30 hôpitaux affiliés à 14 universités ont été incluses. Le pourcentage de femmes en chirurgie générale variait de 0% à 47,4%; et le pourcentage provenant d'une MV variait de 0% à 66,7% dans les hôpitaux. Cette hétérogénéité n'était pas en corrélation avec la population des villes (genre : r = 0,06, p = 0,77; MV : r = 0,04, p = 0,83). Le pourcentage appartenant à une MV dans chaque hôpital n'était pas en corrélation avec le pourcentage appartenant à une MV dans les villes (r = 0,13, p = 0,49). Seulement 34 personnes sur les 120 récemment embauchées en chirurgie générale dans ces hôpitaux universitaires n'avaient pas de diplômes d'études supérieures et leur pourcentage était environ 1,5 fois plus élevé chez les hommes que chez les femmes. En ce qui concerne les promotions au sein du corps professoral, le pourcentage de professeures titulaires variait de 0% à 40,0% et n'était pas en corrélation avec le pourcentage de femmes en chirurgie générale dans chaque établissement (r = 0,11, p = 0,70). Le pourcentage de professeures et de professeurs titulaires appartenant à une MV variait de 0% à 44,4% et était en corrélation modérée avec le pourcentage de chirurgiens et chirurgiennes appartenant à une MV dans chaque établissement (r = 0,40, p = 0,16). Conclusion : La main-d'oeuvre en chirurgie générale dans les centres hospitaliers universitaires semble assez diversifiée. Toutefois, on observe une hétérogénéité substantielle entre les hôpitaux au plan de la diversité, ce qui laisse place à l'amélioration. Nous devons accepter de revoir nos processus d'embauche et faire preuve de transparence à cet égard pour nous doter d'une main-d'oeuvre réellement égalitaire en chirurgie.
Audience Academic
Author Anderson, Blaire
Gawad, Nada
Verhoeff, Kevin
Purich, Kieran
Author_xml – sequence: 1
  fullname: Gawad, Nada
– sequence: 2
  fullname: Purich, Kieran
– sequence: 3
  fullname: Verhoeff, Kevin
– sequence: 4
  fullname: Anderson, Blaire
BookMark eNpt0luLEzEUB_AgK-5FX_wEQUFUmJpkkrk8LUtZdWHRBxV8C2lyZiZlmrRJZtn99qa0Sit9CpP85p_LOZfozHkHCL2mZEYFKT_pZZwRUlHGnqELypumYCUlZ-iCENIUnDW_z9FljEtCKCl5-wKdl3VVl7xsLpC8fVQr66zrcRoAw2ay6QkrZ7CxDxDi9ksPKiidINiYrI7Yd1hpZWBlNe7BQVAjjlPowbuIBxvAYOvwXDll1Ev0vFNjhFf78Qr9-nz7c_61uP_-5W5-c19o0dBUaNBQcsHKBRGEc8qgbihvmVjQRnPRdiWpiTF0AWA609W1Ma0SjIpKaKo1L6_Q9S53PS1WYDS4lI8l18GuVHiSXll5vOLsIHv_ICnhraBVlRPe7xOC30wQk1zZqGEclQM_RcmaijFCaUszffsfXfopuHy_rPLTclFXB6pXI0jrOp831ttQeVPXTFSsEnVWxQm1f9Zc587m6SP_5oTXa7uRh2h2Av0t2snUD0c_ZJPgMfVqilHe_fh2bN8d2AHUmIboxynZXP9j-HEHdfAxBuj-lYMSue1cmTtX7jq3_APDct1u
CitedBy_id crossref_primary_10_1016_j_jsurg_2024_05_010
ContentType Journal Article
Copyright COPYRIGHT 2023 CMA Impact Inc.
Copyright CMA Impact, Inc. Sep 2023
2023 CMA Impact Inc. or its licensors 2023
Copyright_xml – notice: COPYRIGHT 2023 CMA Impact Inc.
– notice: Copyright CMA Impact, Inc. Sep 2023
– notice: 2023 CMA Impact Inc. or its licensors 2023
DBID AAYXX
CITATION
ISN
3V.
4T-
4U-
7RV
7X7
7XB
88E
8AO
8FI
8FJ
8FK
8FQ
8FV
ABUWG
AFKRA
AN0
AZQEC
BENPR
CCPQU
DWQXO
FYUFA
GHDGH
K9-
K9.
M0R
M0S
M1P
M3G
NAPCQ
PQEST
PQQKQ
PQUKI
PRINS
Q9U
7X8
5PM
DOI 10.1503/cjs.006122
DatabaseName CrossRef
Gale In Context: Canada
ProQuest Central (Corporate)
Docstoc
University Readers
Proquest Nursing & Allied Health Source
Health & Medical Collection (Proquest)
ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)
Medical Database (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Pharma Collection
Hospital Premium Collection
Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)
Canadian Business & Current Affairs Database
Canadian Business & Current Affairs Database (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
ProQuest Central UK/Ireland
British Nursing Database
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Academic
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Central
Health Research Premium Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
Consumer Health Database
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
Family Health Database (Proquest)
Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)
PML(ProQuest Medical Library)
CBCA Reference & Current Events
Nursing & Allied Health Premium
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest Central Basic
MEDLINE - Academic
PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)
DatabaseTitle CrossRef
University Readers
ProQuest Central Essentials
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)
ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest One Community College
ProQuest Pharma Collection
ProQuest Family Health (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central China
ProQuest Central
CBCA Complete (Alumni Edition)
Health Research Premium Collection
Health and Medicine Complete (Alumni Edition)
ProQuest Central Korea
CBCA Complete
ProQuest Medical Library (Alumni)
ProQuest Central Basic
ProQuest Family Health
ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition
CBCA Reference & Current Events
British Nursing Index with Full Text
ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source
ProQuest Hospital Collection
Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)
ProQuest Hospital Collection (Alumni)
Nursing & Allied Health Premium
ProQuest Health & Medical Complete
ProQuest Medical Library
ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition
Docstoc
ProQuest One Academic
ProQuest Central (Alumni)
MEDLINE - Academic
DatabaseTitleList

MEDLINE - Academic
University Readers
Database_xml – sequence: 1
  dbid: BENPR
  name: ProQuest Academic
  url: https://www.proquest.com/central
  sourceTypes: Aggregation Database
DeliveryMethod fulltext_linktorsrc
EISSN 1488-2310
EndPage E466
ExternalDocumentID A772562657
10_1503_cjs_006122
GeographicLocations Canada
GeographicLocations_xml – name: Canada
GroupedDBID ---
.1-
.FO
1P~
29B
2QL
2WC
36B
3V.
4.4
4IJ
5GY
5RE
5RS
6J9
6PF
7RV
7X7
88E
8AO
8FI
8FJ
8FQ
AAWTL
AAYXX
ABCQX
ABUWG
ACGFO
ACIHN
ADBBV
AEAQA
AENEX
AEVXI
AFCTW
AFKRA
AFRHN
AHMBA
AJUYK
ALIPV
ALMA_UNASSIGNED_HOLDINGS
AN0
AZQEC
BAWUL
BENPR
BKEYQ
BKNYI
BLC
BNQBC
BPHCQ
BVXVI
CCPQU
CITATION
DIK
DWQXO
E3Z
EBD
EMB
EMOBN
EX3
F5P
FRP
FYUFA
GX1
HMCUK
HYE
IAO
ICQ
IEA
IHR
IHW
INH
INR
IOF
IPO
IPT
ISN
ITC
K9-
L7B
M0R
M1P
M3G
M5~
M~E
NAPCQ
OFXIZ
OJ0
OK1
OV0
OVD
P2P
PQQKQ
PROAC
PSQYO
PV9
Q2X
RDH
RHF
RPM
RWL
RXW
RZL
SV3
TAA
TAE
TR2
U5U
UKHRP
WH7
WOQ
WOW
X6Y
XSB
Z5R
EBS
ZA5
08R
ABPTK
29M
3V0
4T-
4U-
7RP
7XB
7XH
81K
8A7
8A8
8BE
8CL
8FK
8R4
8R5
96U
AAABJ
AAQEF
ABPBI
ABRAX
ABUBX
ACBMB
ADEYR
AEBTC
AFACB
AFJDA
AGBUN
AGFXM
AGNLS
AGQRV
AHEHV
AHHXF
AHIBC
AHKOF
AHSGN
AOWDX
ARJSJ
ARTTT
BAI
BAW
BFUCQ
BHRNT
BKOMP
CLPLZ
CLTSQ
CYIRO
EAZ
FAL
FJD
FJW
GNUQQ
JRCIL
K9.
LXL
LXM
LXN
LXY
LXZ
M6D
MV.
NACKB
NADUK
NFBOU
NKUNM
NSP
NXXTH
NYMDV
PDI
PKX
PQEST
PQUKI
PRINS
Q2S
Q9U
TAF
TH9
UNMZH
~ZZ
7X8
5PM
ID FETCH-LOGICAL-c581t-cece34523b0504412e7814925b18c459f3070dd1beedfdf77dd9a521565c1cc43
IEDL.DBID RPM
ISSN 0008-428X
IngestDate Tue Sep 17 21:29:43 EDT 2024
Fri Oct 25 03:08:55 EDT 2024
Mon Nov 04 11:10:43 EST 2024
Fri Feb 23 00:20:37 EST 2024
Wed Nov 06 05:11:11 EST 2024
Tue Dec 12 21:21:38 EST 2023
Fri Feb 02 04:38:14 EST 2024
Sat Sep 28 21:37:39 EDT 2024
Tue Aug 20 22:11:33 EDT 2024
Fri Aug 23 03:03:28 EDT 2024
IsDoiOpenAccess true
IsOpenAccess true
IsPeerReviewed true
IsScholarly true
Issue 5
Language English
License This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0) licence, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided that the original publication is properly cited, the use is noncommercial (i.e., research or educational use), and no modifications or adaptations are made. See: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
LinkModel DirectLink
MergedId FETCHMERGED-LOGICAL-c581t-cece34523b0504412e7814925b18c459f3070dd1beedfdf77dd9a521565c1cc43
Notes ObjectType-Article-1
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-2
content type line 23
OpenAccessLink https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10495166/
PMID 37673438
PQID 2876745761
PQPubID 41665
PageCount 9
ParticipantIDs pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_10495166
proquest_miscellaneous_2862201191
proquest_journals_2876745761
gale_infotracmisc_A772562657
gale_infotracgeneralonefile_A772562657
gale_infotraccpiq_772562657
gale_infotracacademiconefile_A772562657
gale_incontextgauss_ISN_A772562657
gale_healthsolutions_A772562657
crossref_primary_10_1503_cjs_006122
PublicationCentury 2000
PublicationDate 20231001
PublicationDateYYYYMMDD 2023-10-01
PublicationDate_xml – month: 10
  year: 2023
  text: 20231001
  day: 01
PublicationDecade 2020
PublicationPlace Ottawa
PublicationPlace_xml – name: Ottawa
PublicationTitle Canadian Journal of Surgery
PublicationYear 2023
Publisher CMA Impact Inc
CMA Impact, Inc
Publisher_xml – name: CMA Impact Inc
– name: CMA Impact, Inc
SSID ssj0010349
ssj0022689
Score 2.395324
Snippet Background: Job competition and underemployment among surgeons emphasize the importance of equitable hiring practices. The purpose of this study was to...
Méthodes : Des renseignements démographiques ont été recueillis auprès des personnes embauchées en chirurgie générale dans des établissements...
Méthodes : Des renseignements démographiques ont été recueillis auprès des personnes embauchées en chirurgie générale dans des établissements universitaires au...
BACKGROUNDJob competition and underemployment among surgeons emphasize the importance of equitable hiring practices. The purpose of this study was to describe...
SourceID pubmedcentral
proquest
gale
crossref
SourceType Open Access Repository
Aggregation Database
StartPage E458
SubjectTerms Canada
College professors
Data collection
Demographic aspects
Employee selection
Employment
Gender
Hiring
Hospitals
Hypothesis testing
Management
Medical colleges
Multiculturalism & pluralism
Native North Americans
Surgeons
Surgery
Workforce
Workplace multiculturalism
SummonAdditionalLinks – databaseName: Health & Medical Collection (Proquest)
  dbid: 7X7
  link: http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1Lb9QwELagXLigIkAsLeACglNonJedE6pQq4JEL1Bpb5Y9jssikew2uxI_n5nECXWFep7JQ-MZzzf2-DNj72qgzSscgTp3PimUKBIr6CQX-Fw4iy5j6aDwt4vq_LL4uiyXYcGtD22V05w4TNSuA1ojP0ZkX8kC0bH4tN4kdGsU7a6GKzTuswciSyvyarmcCy5B3Ctz9ZVVKmBhlSDmXgau0jLNj-FX_3HI9VmUnW7P0bf7Jm8korN99iggSH4yDvljdq9pnzB9-sf8Hu564IjoeLPZIbrmpnXcTY0XHGJuZt55bkJ3PL8a2ad5T6ek0RE5rVk7vmr5QF9gnrLLs9Mfn8-TcHdCAqUS2wQaaPICq0yblilCnqwhbqs6K61QUJS1p1h3TljMkd55KZ2rDaZyxHcgAIr8Gdtru7Z5znhtnEVQaZV0eZEaryQYKVXtsVoTINMFezvZTK9HigxNpQVaVqNl9WjZBXtN5tTj8c45rvQJwnvEYFUpF-zNoEGsFC21vVyZXd_rL98vIqUPQcl3OAYw2Ql_lYisIs2DSBPWq42-IX0fSYOZ__eaw0gRow9i8eQeOkR_r__56oIdzWJ6kjra2qbbkU6VEfiqUUdFbjUbkZi_Y0m7-jkwgGMNjci4ql7c_fUD9jBDTDb2Hh6yve31rnmJGGprXw2B8hdy3Bpg
  priority: 102
  providerName: ProQuest
Title Examining the equity and diversity characteristics of academic general surgeons hired in Canada
URI https://www.proquest.com/docview/2876745761
https://search.proquest.com/docview/2862201191
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC10495166
Volume 66
hasFullText 1
inHoldings 1
isFullTextHit
isPrint
link http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwnV1Nb9NAEF215cIFgQARWsIWEJyceOO11z6WKqUgNaqASr6t9sPbpmo2KU4kfj4z_oiyFaceoxlH1ngm8yZ-85aQT4XBl1fwBIrEuojnjEea4SaXcQmzGlJG46LwxSw7v-I_yrTcI1m_C9OQ9o2ej_zdYuTnNw23crUw454nNr68OIURAoBBlo33yT5kaD-jb88t6EFvHgG4LjtR0jROxua2HjVNHQ-xQR2ThONiyk5Hevi7_JArudN8zp6TZx1qpCft3b0ge5V_SeT0r1o05ztQQHG0ut8AoqbKW2p7sgU1oR4zXTqqOkY8vW4Vp2mNm9GQfBT_p7Z07mkjWaBekauz6e_T86g7LyEyac7WkalMlXCYLHWcxgBzJhXqWRWTVLPc8LRwWN_WMg190VknhLWFgvYNmM4wY3jymhz4pa_eEFooqwFI6lzYhMfK5cIoIfLCwYTGjIgH5GMfM7lqZTEkjhMQZAlBlm2QB-Q9hlO2K53bWpInAOkBd2WpGJAPjQcqUXikulyrTV3L779mgdOXzskt4RmYPk5wqyheFXgeBp5mNb-XO9bPgbUL8_--5ihwhIozoblPD9lVfC1h8swEh-mNDcjx1oxXIovNV8sN-mQTBFwF-ORBWm2DiGrfoQWKoFH97pP-7eMvPSRPJ4DRWi7iETlY_9lU7wBTrfUQCqkUQ_Lk63R2-RM-fSvZsCmrfzeuJFE
link.rule.ids 230,315,730,783,787,888,12069,21401,27937,27938,31732,31733,33757,33758,43323,43818,53805,53807,74080,74637
linkProvider National Library of Medicine
linkToHtml http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1Lb9QwELZKOcAFUQFiaWnNQ3AKjfOyc6oq1Gpb2r3QSnuz_IjLVmqyS3Ylfj4ziZPWFeI8k4fGM55v7PFnQj6XBjevYATK1LooEyyLNMOTXMalzGpwGY0HhS9nxfQ6O5_nc7_g1vq2ymFO7CZq2xhcIz8EZF_wDNAxO1quIrw1CndX_RUaT8hT5OFCP-fzseBiyL0yVl9JITwWFhFg7rnnKs3j9NDctt-6XJ8E2enxHP24b_JBIjp9SV54BEmP-yHfIVtV_YrIkz_qrrvrgQKio9VqA-iaqtpSOzReUBNyM9PGUeW74-lNzz5NWzwlDY5Icc3a0kVNO_oC9Zpcn55cfZ9G_u6EyOSCrSNTmSrNoMrUcR4D5Ekq5LYqk1wzYbK8dBjr1jINOdJZx7m1pYJUDvjOMGOy9A3Zrpu6ektoqawGUKkFt2kWKye4UZyL0kG1xgyPJ-TTYDO57CkyJJYWYFkJlpW9ZSfkAM0p--OdY1zJY4D3gMGKnE_Ix04DWSlqbHu5UZu2lWc_Z4HSV6_kGhgDM9gJfhWJrALN3UDTLBcr-UD6JZB6M__rNXuBIkSfCcWDe0gf_a2899UJ-TCK8UnsaKurZoM6RYLgqwQdEbjVaERk_g4l9eJXxwAONTQg46J49_-vH5Bn06vLC3lxNvuxS54ngM_6PsQ9sr3-vaneA55a6_0uaP4Cx_YdRw
linkToPdf http://utb.summon.serialssolutions.com/2.0.0/link/0/eLvHCXMwfV1Zb9QwELagKyFeEAgQSws1h-ApbA4ndp5QgV21HKsKqLRvlo-4LFKT3WZX4uczkzjbukI8z-TQeMbzTTL-hpDXpcGfV7ACZWZdxETCIp3gSS7jssRqcBmNB4W_zYvjM_Z5kS98_1Pr2yqHPbHbqG1j8Bv5BJB9wRmg42TifFvE6afZ-9U6wglS-KfVj9O4TUacFRkUYqMP0_np99HVPAOsNHwtlhbCI2MRAQJfeObSPM4m5nf7rsv8aZCrbu7YN7sor6Wl2X1yz-NJetQ7wANyq6ofEjn9oy66yQ8U8B2t1lvA2lTVltqhDYOakKmZNo4q3ytPz3suatrimWlwS4pfsC1d1rQjM1CPyNls-vPjceQnKUQmF8kmMpWpMgY1p47zGABQWiHTVZnmOhGG5aXDyLc20ZAxnXWcW1sqSOyA9kxiDMsek726qasnhJbKaoCYWnCbsVg5wY3iXJQOarfE8HhMXg02k6ueMENioQGWlWBZ2Vt2TA7RnLI_7LmLMnkEYB8QWZHzMXnZaSBHRY2rfa62bStPfswDpbdeyTWwBmawE7wq0loFmvuBplkt1_Ka9E0g9Wb-120OAkWIRROKB_eQfi9o5ZXnjsmLnRivxP62umq2qFOkCMVK0BGBW-2MiDzgoaRe_ur4wKGiBpxcFE____RDcgciRn49mX_ZJ3dTAGt9U-IB2dtcbqtnAK42-rmPmr8zIiLq
openUrl ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF-8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fsummon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Examining+the+equity+and+diversity+characteristics+of+academic+general+surgeons+hired+in+Canada&rft.jtitle=Canadian+journal+of+surgery&rft.au=Gawad%2C+Nada&rft.au=Purich%2C+Kieran&rft.au=Verhoeff%2C+Kevin&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Blaire&rft.date=2023-10-01&rft.pub=CMA+Impact+Inc&rft.issn=0008-428X&rft.eissn=1488-2310&rft.volume=66&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=E458&rft_id=info:doi/10.1503%2Fcjs.006122&rft.externalDocID=A772562657
thumbnail_l http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/lc.gif&issn=0008-428X&client=summon
thumbnail_m http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/mc.gif&issn=0008-428X&client=summon
thumbnail_s http://covers-cdn.summon.serialssolutions.com/index.aspx?isbn=/sc.gif&issn=0008-428X&client=summon