Mesenchymal stem cells and dental implant osseointegration during aging: from mechanisms to therapy

• Published in: Stem cell research & therapy Vol. 14; no. 1; p. 382
• Main Authors: Ma, Yang, Wang, Siyuan, Wang, Hui, Chen, Xiaoyu, Shuai, Yi, Wang, Huiming, Mao, Yingjie, He, Fuming
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 20.12.2023; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Adipogenesis; Aged; Aging; Autophagy; B cells; Bone implants; Bone marrow; Dental Implants; Dental prosthetics; Differentiation; DNA binding proteins; Epigenetic inheritance; Epigenetics; Estrogens; Genetic transcription; Health aspects; Humans; Implant dentures; Mesenchymal stem cells; Mesenchymal Stem Cells - metabolism; miRNA; Molecular mechanism; Molecular modelling; Osseointegration; Osteogenesis; Osteogenesis - genetics; Osteoporosis; Oxidative stress; Physiological aspects; Population; Prostheses; Review; Risk factors; Stem cells; Success; Surface Properties; Therapeutic applications; Titanium; Transcription factors; Transplantation; Aging; Osseointegration; Differentiation; Molecular mechanism; Mesenchymal stem cells
• ISSN: 1757-6512; 1757-6512
• DOI: 10.1186/s13287-023-03611-1

Dental implants are widely used to replace missing teeth, providing patients with unparalleled levels of effectiveness, convenience, and affordability. The biological basis for the clinical success of dental implants is osseointegration. Bone aging is a high-risk factor for the reduced osseointegration and survival rates of dental implants. In aged individuals, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the bone marrow show imbalanced differentiation with a reduction in osteogenesis and an increase in adipogenesis. This leads to impaired osseointegration and implant failure. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms underlying the dysfunctional differentiation of aged MSCs, which primarily include autophagy, transcription factors, extracellular vesicle secretion, signaling pathways, epigenetic modifications, microRNAs, and oxidative stress. Furthermore, this review addresses the pathological changes in MSCs that affect osseointegration and discusses potential therapeutic interventions to enhance osseointegration by manipulating the mechanisms underlying MSC aging.