Immunomodulation, Bioavailability and Safety of Bacteriocins

• Published in: Life (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 13; no. 7; p. 1521
• Main Author: Guryanova, Svetlana V
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.07.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Analysis; Animal models; Antibacterial agents; Antibiotic resistance; Antibiotics; Antiinfectives and antibacterials; Antimicrobial agents; Antimicrobial peptides; Autoimmune diseases; Bacteria; Bacteriocins; Bioavailability; Care and treatment; Cell culture; Cells; Disease susceptibility; Drug resistance; Drug resistance in microorganisms; E coli; Enzymes; Food industry; Genes; Genetic engineering; Gram-negative bacteria; Gram-positive bacteria; Health aspects; Health services; Immune response; Immune system; Immunomodulation; immunomodulatory activity; Infections; Infectious diseases; Inflammation; inflammation regulation; Innate immunity; lactic acid bacteria; Lymphocytes; Lymphocytes B; Lymphocytes T; Medical research; Medicine, Experimental; Membranes; Microbicides; Microbiological research; microorganisms; Neural networks; Peptides; Physiological aspects; Plasmids; Preservatives; Proteins; Review; Safety; Safety and security measures; Toxicity; Russia; sublancin; inflammation regulation; nisin; acidocin A; innate immunity; microorganisms; bacteriocins; turicin H; immunomodulatory activity; lactic acid bacteria; BacSp222
• ISSN: 2075-1729; 2075-1729
• DOI: 10.3390/life13071521

The rise of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and the emergence of new pathogens have created a need for new strategies to fight against infectious diseases. One promising approach is the use of antimicrobial peptides produced by a certain species of bacteria, known as bacteriocins, which are active against other strains of the same or related species. Bacteriocins can help in the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases. Moreover, bacteriocins can be obtained in prokaryotic organisms, and contribute s to their widespread use. While the use of bacteriocins is currently limited to the food industry (for example, nisin is used as a preservative, E234), a large number of studies on their microbicidal properties suggest that their use in medicine may increase in the foreseeable future. However, for the successful use of bacteriocins in medicine, it is necessary to understand their effect on the immune system, especially in cases where immunity is weakened due to infectious processes, oncological, allergic, or autoimmune diseases. Studies on the immuno-modulatory activity of bacteriocins in animal models and human cells have revealed their ability to induce both pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory factors involved in the implementation of innate immunity. The influence of bacteriocins on acquired immunity is revealed by an increase in the number of T-lymphocytes with a simultaneous decrease in B-lymphocyte levels, which makes them attractive substances for reducing inflammation. The widespread use of bacteriocins in the food industry, their low toxicity, and their broad and narrow specificity are reasons for researchers to pay attention to their immunomodulatory properties and explore their medical applications. Inflammation regulation by bacteriocins can be used in the treatment of various pathologies. The aim of the review was to analyze scientific publications on the immunomodulatory activity, bioavailability, and safety of bacteriocins in order to use the data obtained to organize preclinical and clinical studies.