Molecular characterization of coat color gene in Sahiwal versus Karan Fries bovine

• Published in: Journal of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Vol. 19; no. 1; pp. 22 - 14
• Main Authors: Goud, Talla Sridhar, Upadhyay, Ramesh Chandra, Pichili, Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy, Onteru, Suneel Kumar, Chadipiralla, Kiranmai
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 29.01.2021; Springer; Springer Nature B.V; Elsevier
• Subjects: Alignment; Amino acid sequence; Amino acids; Analysis; Animal genetics; Animals; Beef cattle; Biomedical Engineering and Bioengineering; Cattle; Clothing and dress; Coat color; Color; Engineering; Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; Genes; Genetic aspects; Genetic research; Genomics; Karan Fries cattle (Bos taurus taurus); Ligands; MC1R gene; Melanin; Melanocortin; Melanocortin 1 receptor gene; Melanocyte-stimulating hormone; Mutation; Nucleotide sequence; Nucleotides; Pheomelanin; Phylogenetics; Phylogeny; Pigments; Polymerase chain reaction; Polymorphism; Proteins; Receptors; Sahiwal (Bos taurus indicus); Single nucleotide polymorphisms; Single-nucleotide polymorphism; SNPs; Variation; South Korea; Japan; India; United States > US; SNPs; Coat color; Karan Fries cattle (Bos taurus taurus); Sahiwal (Bos taurus indicus); gene; Melanocortin 1 receptor gene
• ISSN: 1687-157X; 2090-5920
• DOI: 10.1186/s43141-021-00117-2

Background Melanocortin-1-receptor gene ( MC1R ) plays a significant role in signaling cascade of melanin production. In cattle, the coat colors, such as red and black, are an outcome of eumelanin and pheomelanin pigments, respectively. The coat colors have become critical factors in the animal selection process. This study is therefore aimed at the molecular characterization of reddish-brown coat-colored Sahiwal cattle in comparison to the black and white-colored Karan Fries. Results The Sequence length of the MC1R gene was 954 base pairs in Sahiwal cattle. The sequences were examined and submitted to GenBank Acc.No. MG373575 to MG373605. Alignment of both (Sahiwal and Karan Fries) protein sequences by applying ClustalO multiple sequence alignment programs revealed 99.8–96.8% sequence similarity within the bovine. MC1R gene phylogenetic studies were analyzed by MEGA X. The gene MC1R tree, protein confines, and hereditary difference of cattle were derived from Ensemble Asia Cow Genome Browser 97. One unique single-nucleotide polymorphism (c.844C>A) (SNP) was distinguished. Single amino acid changes were detected in the seventh transmembrane structural helix region, with SNP at p.281 T>N of MC1R gene in Karan Fries cattle. Conclusions In this current research, we first distinguished the genomic sequence of the MC1R gene regions that showed evidence of coat variation between Indian indigenous Sahiwal cattle breed correlated with crossbreed Karan Fries. These variations were found in the Melanocortin 1 receptor coding regions of the diverse SNPs. The conclusions of this research provide new insights into understanding the coat color variation in crossbreed compared to the Indian Sahiwal cattle. Graphical abstract