Biodiesel versus diesel exposure: Enhanced pulmonary inflammation, oxidative stress, and differential morphological changes in the mouse lung

• Published in: Toxicology and applied pharmacology Vol. 272; no. 2; pp. 373 - 383
• Main Authors: Yanamala, Naveena, Hatfield, Meghan K., Farcas, Mariana T., Schwegler-Berry, Diane, Hummer, Jon A., Shurin, Michael R., Birch, M. Eileen, Gutkin, Dmitriy W., Kisin, Elena, Kagan, Valerian E., Bugarski, Aleksandar D., Shvedova, Anna A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Amsterdam Elsevier Inc 15.10.2013; Elsevier
• Subjects: 60 APPLIED LIFE SCIENCES; adverse effects; Air; Animals; Aspiration exposure; biodiesel; BIODIESEL FUELS; Biodiesel particle retention; Biofuels - toxicity; Biological and medical sciences; BIOLOGICAL MARKERS; biomarkers; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid - cytology; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid - immunology; CARBOXYLIC ACIDS; chemokines; COMPARATIVE EVALUATIONS; Cytokine panel; Cytokines - immunology; DROPLETS; emissions; ENVIRONMENTAL EXPOSURE; Environmental pollutants toxicology; Female; Gasoline - toxicity; growth factors; INFLAMMATION; Lipid droplets; Lung - drug effects; Lung - metabolism; Lung - ultrastructure; LUNGS; LYMPHOCYTES; LYMPHOKINES; MACROPHAGES; Medical sciences; MICE; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES; OXIDATION; oxidative stress; Oxidative Stress - drug effects; Particulate Matter - toxicity; PARTICULATES; PETROLEUM; pneumonia; Pneumonia - chemically induced; Pneumonia - immunology; Pneumonia - metabolism; Pneumonia - pathology; proteins; Pulmonary toxicity; RADIATION, THERMAL, AND OTHER ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANT EFFECTS ON LIVING ORGANISMS AND BIOLOGICAL MATERIALS; STRESSES; TOXICITY; Toxicology; unsaturated fatty acids; Vehicle Emissions - toxicity; Inflammation; Cytokine panel; Lipid droplets; Aspiration exposure; Pulmonary toxicity; Biodiesel particle retention; Oxidative stress; Diesel fuel; Toxicity; Lung; Lipids; Retention; Respiratory system; Particle; Exhaust gas; Aspiration; Rodentia; Cytokine; Exposure; Droplet; Biodiesel; Vertebrata; Mammalia; Mouse; Animal; Air pollution; Morphological change; Comparative study
• ISSN: 0041-008X; 1096-0333; 1096-0333
• DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2013.07.006

The use of biodiesel (BD) or its blends with petroleum diesel (D) is considered to be a viable approach to reduce occupational and environmental exposures to particulate matter (PM). Due to its lower particulate mass emissions compared to D, use of BD is thought to alleviate adverse health effects. Considering BD fuel is mainly composed of unsaturated fatty acids, we hypothesize that BD exhaust particles could induce pronounced adverse outcomes, due to their ability to readily oxidize. The main objective of this study was to compare the effects of particles generated by engine fueled with neat BD and neat petroleum-based D. Biomarkers of tissue damage and inflammation were significantly elevated in lungs of mice exposed to BD particulates. Additionally, BD particulates caused a significant accumulation of oxidatively modified proteins and an increase in 4-hydroxynonenal. The up-regulation of inflammatory cytokines/chemokines/growth factors was higher in lungs upon BD particulate exposure. Histological evaluation of lung sections indicated presence of lymphocytic infiltrate and impaired clearance with prolonged retention of BD particulate in pigment laden macrophages. Taken together, these results clearly indicate that BD exhaust particles could exert more toxic effects compared to D. [Display omitted] •Exposure of mice to BDPM caused higher pulmonary toxicity compared to DPM.•Oxidative stress and inflammation were higher in BD vs to D exposed mice.•Inflammatory lymphocyte infiltrates were seen only in lungs of mice exposed to BD.•Ineffective clearance, prolonged PM retention was present only after BD exposure.