Gastrointestinal Involvement in SARS-CoV-2 Infection

SARS-CoV-2 has evolved into a virus that primarily results in mild or asymptomatic disease, making its transmission more challenging to control. In addition to the respiratory tract, SARS-CoV-2 also infects the digestive tract. Some gastrointestinal symptoms occur with or before respiratory symptoms...

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Published inViruses Vol. 14; no. 6; p. 1188
Main Authors Chen, Tsung-Hsien, Hsu, Ming-Tse, Lee, Ming-Yang, Chou, Chu-Kuang
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Basel MDPI AG 30.05.2022
MDPI
Subjects
Analysis
Blood circulation
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
Cytokines
Disease transmission
Gastrointestinal diseases
gastrointestinal involvement
Gastrointestinal tract
Health aspects
Homeostasis
Immune response
Inflammation
Intestinal microflora
Intestine
Microbiomes
Microbiota
Microbiota (Symbiotic organisms)
Mortality
Mutation
oral vaccine
Prevention
Respiratory tract diseases
Review
Risk factors
SARS-CoV-2
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Vaccines
Taiwan
United States > US
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Summary:SARS-CoV-2 has evolved into a virus that primarily results in mild or asymptomatic disease, making its transmission more challenging to control. In addition to the respiratory tract, SARS-CoV-2 also infects the digestive tract. Some gastrointestinal symptoms occur with or before respiratory symptoms in patients with COVID-19. Respiratory infections are known to cause intestinal immune impairment and gastrointestinal symptoms. When the intestine is inflamed, cytokines affect the lung immune response and inflammation through blood circulation. The gastrointestinal microbiome may be a modifiable factor in determining the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection and disease severity. The development of oral SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates and the maintenance of gut microbiota profiles may contribute to the early control of COVID-19 outbreaks. To this end, this review summarizes information on the gastrointestinal complications caused by SARS-CoV-2, SARS-CoV-2 infection, the gastrointestinal–lung axis immune response, potential control strategies for oral vaccine candidates and maintaining intestinal microbiota homeostasis.
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These authors contributed equally to this work.
ISSN:1999-4915
1999-4915
DOI:10.3390/v14061188