The adoption of self-driving delivery robots in last mile logistics

• Published in: Transportation research. Part E, Logistics and transportation review Vol. 146; p. 102214
• Main Authors: Chen, Cheng, Demir, Emrah, Huang, Yuan, Qiu, Rongzu
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier Ltd 01.02.2021
• Subjects: City logistics; Contactless delivery; Matheuristic algorithm; Self-driving delivery robot; Vehicle routing problem; Contactless delivery; Self-driving delivery robot; Matheuristic algorithm; Vehicle routing problem; City logistics
• ISSN: 1366-5545; 1878-5794; 1878-5794
• DOI: 10.1016/j.tre.2020.102214

•A new vehicle routing problem with time windows and delivery robots is introduced.•Operational features of delivery robots are investigated for practical use.•A matheuristic algorithm is proposed.•An extensive analysis of self-driving delivery roots as assistants to the driver has been conducted. Covid-19, the global pandemic, has taught us the importance of contactless delivery service and robotic automation. Using self-driving delivery robots can provide flexibility for on-time deliveries and help better protect both driver and customers by minimizing contact. To this end, this paper introduces a new vehicle routing problem with time windows and delivery robots (VRPTWDR). With the help of delivery robots, considerable operational time savings can be achieved by dispatching robots to serve nearby customers while a driver is also serving a customer. We provide a mathematical model for the VRPTWDR and investigate the challenges and benefits of using delivery robots as assistants for city logistics. A two-stage matheurisitic algorithm is developed to solve medium scale VRPTWDR instances. Finally, results of computational experiments demonstrate the value of self-driving delivery robots in urban areas by highlighting operational limitations on route planning.