Microbe-based management for colorectal cancer

• Published in: Chinese medical journal Vol. 134; no. 24; pp. 2922 - 2930
• Main Authors: Gao, Zi-Yun, Cui, Zhe, Yan, Yu-Qing, Ning, Li-Jun, Wang, Zhen-Hua, Hong, Jie
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: China Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 01.12.2021; Lippincott Williams & Wilkins Ovid Technologies; State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes; Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China%Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200001, China; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Key Laboratory of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Ministry of Health; Shanghai Cancer Institute; Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease; Wolters Kluwer
• Subjects: Antibiotics; Bacteria; Cancer therapies; Cell growth; Chemotherapy; Colorectal cancer; Colorectal Neoplasms - therapy; Dysbiosis; E coli; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Homeostasis; Humans; Immunotherapy; Inflammation; Inflammatory bowel disease; Metabolism; Metabolites; Microbiota; MicroRNAs; Pathogenesis; Pathogens; Prebiotics; Probiotics; Review; Toxins; Tumor Microenvironment; Tumorigenesis; Tumors; Intestinal bacteria; Management; Fecal microbiota transplantation; Colorectal cancer
• ISSN: 0366-6999; 2542-5641; 2542-5641
• DOI: 10.1097/CM9.0000000000001887

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most prevalent, most lethal cancers in the world. Increasing evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiota is closely related to the pathogenesis and prognosis of CRC. The normal microbiota plays an essential role in maintaining gut barrier function and the immune microenvironment. Recent studies have identified carcinogenic bacteria such as enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis (ETBF) and Streptococcus gallolyticus (S. gallolyticus), as well as protective bacterial such as Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila), as potential targets of CRC treatment. Gut microbiota modulation aims to restore gut dysbiosis, regulate the intestinal immune system and prevent from pathogen invasion, all of which are beneficial for CRC prevention and prognosis. The utility of probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation and dietary inventions to treat CRC makes them novel microbe-based management tools. In this review, we describe the mechanisms involved in bacteria-derived colorectal carcinogenesis and summarized novel bacteria-related therapies for CRC. In summary, we hope to facilitate clinical applications of intestinal bacteria for preventing and treating CRC.