Clinical Significance and Prognostic Relevance of Microsatellite Instability in Sporadic Colorectal Cancer Patients

Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a marker of the replication error phenotype. It is caused by impaired DNA mismatch repair processes (MMR), resulting in ineffectiveness of the mechanisms responsible for the DNA replication precision and postreplicative DNA repair. MSI underlies the pathogenesis o...

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Published inInternational journal of molecular sciences Vol. 18; no. 1; p. 107
Main Authors Copija, Angelika, Waniczek, Dariusz, Witkoś, Andrzej, Walkiewicz, Katarzyna, Nowakowska-Zajdel, Ewa
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 06.01.2017
MDPI
Subjects
5-Fluorouracil
Animals
Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic - therapeutic use
Chemotherapy
Clinical significance
Colon - drug effects
Colon - metabolism
Colon - pathology
Colorectal cancer
Colorectal Neoplasms - diagnosis
Colorectal Neoplasms - drug therapy
Colorectal Neoplasms - genetics
Colorectal Neoplasms - pathology
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA Mismatch Repair
Fluorouracil - therapeutic use
Humans
Microsatellite Instability
mismatch repair
PD-1 protein
Prognosis
Rectum - drug effects
Rectum - metabolism
Rectum - pathology
Review
microsatellite instability
mismatch repair
colorectal cancer
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Summary:Microsatellite instability (MSI) is a marker of the replication error phenotype. It is caused by impaired DNA mismatch repair processes (MMR), resulting in ineffectiveness of the mechanisms responsible for the DNA replication precision and postreplicative DNA repair. MSI underlies the pathogenesis of 10%-20% of colorectal cancer (CRC) cases. The data about the potential value of MMR status as a predictive factor for 5-fluorouracil (FU)-based chemotherapy remain unclear. According to National Comprehensive Cancer Network updated guidelines, MSI testing is recommended for all patients with stage II CRC because patients with MSI-H (high-frequency MSI) tumour may have a good prognosis and obtain no benefit from 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy. The significance of the MSI status as a predictive factor for patients with metastatic disease was not confirmed. The association between the MSI status and the efficacy of the therapy based on anti-programmed death-1 receptor inhibitors requires further studies.
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ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms18010107