CRISPR-mediated activation of endogenous BST-2/tetherin expression inhibits wild-type HIV-1 production

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 9; no. 1; p. 3134
• Main Authors: Zhang, Yanzhao, Ozono, Seiya, Yao, Weitong, Tobiume, Minoru, Yamaoka, Shoji, Kishigami, Satoshi, Fujita, Hideaki, Tokunaga, Kenzo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 28.02.2019; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 101/28; 13/1; 13/106; 13/109; 45/29; 45/41; 45/77; 45/90; 631/326/596/1787; 631/326/596/2557; 82/80; Antagonists; Antigens, CD - genetics; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats; CRISPR; Gene Expression; Gene Targeting; GPI-Linked Proteins - genetics; HEK293 Cells; HeLa Cells; HIV; HIV Infections - genetics; HIV Infections - pathology; HIV Infections - virology; HIV-1 - physiology; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Human immunodeficiency virus; Humanities and Social Sciences; Humans; multidisciplinary; Nuclease; Polymerase chain reaction; RNA, Guide, CRISPR-Cas Systems - genetics; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Stoichiometry; Transcription; Transcriptional Activation; Virus Replication
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40003-z

The CRISPR technology not only can knock out target genes by using the RNA-guided Cas9 nuclease but also can activate their expression when a nuclease-deficient Cas9 (dCas9) is employed. Using the latter function, we here show the effect of the CRISPR-mediated pinpoint activation of endogenous expression of BST-2 (also known as tetherin), a virus restriction factor with a broad antiviral spectrum. Single-guide RNA (sgRNA) sequences targeting the BST-2 promoter were selected by promoter assays. Potential sgRNAs and dCas9 fused to the VP64 transactivation domain, along with an accessory transcriptional activator complex, were introduced into cells by lentiviral transduction. Increased expression of BST-2 mRNA in transduced cells was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. Cells in which BST-2 expression was highly enhanced showed the effective inhibition of HIV-1 production and replication even in the presence of the viral antagonist Vpu against BST-2. These findings confirm that the physiological stoichiometry between host restriction factors and viral antagonists may determine the outcome of the battle with viruses.