Neural circuit mechanisms for transforming learned olfactory valences into wind-oriented movement

• Published in: eLife Vol. 12
• Main Authors: Aso, Yoshinori, Yamada, Daichi, Bushey, Daniel, Hibbard, Karen L, Sammons, Megan, Otsuna, Hideo, Shuai, Yichun, Hige, Toshihide
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England eLife Science Publications, Ltd 18.09.2023; eLife Sciences Publications Ltd; eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
• Subjects: Animals; Associative learning; Behavior; dopamine; Drosophila - physiology; Drosophila melanogaster - physiology; Kruskal-Wallis test; Learning; Locomotion; memory; Mushroom bodies; Mushroom Bodies - physiology; mushroom body; neural circuit; Neural circuitry; Neurons; Neurons - physiology; Neuroscience; Odors; Olfactory discrimination learning; olfactory navigation; Photoactivation; Smell - physiology; Wind; Canada; Japan; neural circuit; olfactory navigation; associative learning; memory; neuroscience; mushroom body; D. melanogaster; dopamine
• ISSN: 2050-084X; 2050-084X
• DOI: 10.7554/ELIFE.85756

How memories are used by the brain to guide future action is poorly understood. In olfactory associative learning in , multiple compartments of the mushroom body act in parallel to assign a valence to a stimulus. Here, we show that appetitive memories stored in different compartments induce different levels of upwind locomotion. Using a photoactivation screen of a new collection of split-GAL4 drivers and EM connectomics, we identified a cluster of neurons postsynaptic to the mushroom body output neurons (MBONs) that can trigger robust upwind steering. These UpWind Neurons (UpWiNs) integrate inhibitory and excitatory synaptic inputs from MBONs of appetitive and aversive memory compartments, respectively. After formation of appetitive memory, UpWiNs acquire enhanced response to reward-predicting odors as the response of the inhibitory presynaptic MBON undergoes depression. Blocking UpWiNs impaired appetitive memory and reduced upwind locomotion during retrieval. Photoactivation of UpWiNs also increased the chance of returning to a location where activation was terminated, suggesting an additional role in olfactory navigation. Thus, our results provide insight into how learned abstract valences are gradually transformed into concrete memory-driven actions through divergent and convergent networks, a neuronal architecture that is commonly found in the vertebrate and invertebrate brains.