An Evaluation of the Agreement Between a Computerized Stereoscopic Game Test and the TNO Stereoacuity Test

• Published in: Clinical optometry (Auckland) Vol. 13; pp. 181 - 190
• Main Authors: Portela-Camino, Juan Antonio, Martín-González, Santiago, Ruiz-Alcocer, Javier, Illarramendi-Mendicute, Igor, Garrido-Mercado, Rafaela
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New Zealand Dove Medical Press Limited 01.01.2021; Taylor & Francis Ltd; Dove; Dove Medical Press
• Subjects: amblyopia; Child development; Children & youth; computerized game test; Eyes & eyesight; Gamification; Medical screening; Original Research; stereoacuity; tno test; Video game industry; Japan; Spain; computerized game test; gamification; stereoacuity; amblyopia; TNO test
• ISSN: 1179-2752; 1179-2752
• DOI: 10.2147/OPTO.S308445

Stereo-anomaly is commonly associated with amblyopia. An investigation was conducted to determine whether the measurements of stereoacuity obtained with the stereoacuity reference test (TNO Test) show an agreement with a computer stereoscope video game. Thirty-two subjects (mean age 9.37±2.00 years) with an amblyopia history were selected for a blind and randomized study of stereoacuity improvement through a new random dot game. A masked examiner measured the stereoacuity three times per subject using the TNO test (at the beginning, at the end and after 6 months of the treatment). A second masked examiner measured stereoacuity using the new computerized game after the TNO masked evaluation. The Pearson's correlation coefficient one test against the other was r = 0.767 and the Bland-Altman plot was r = 0.069 (mean difference -0.03 log sec). Using three categories: poor (840-300 seconds of arc), coarse (480-210 seconds of arc) and moderate-fine stereoacuity (210-30 seconds of arc). Positive predictive values were 89.5% for moderate-fine; 72.7% for coarse; and 90.0% for poor stereoacuity. In addition, the agreement was evaluated using the Kappa coefficient (K= 0.743) with a 0.95 confidence interval and lower and upper Kappa limits were (0.628 and 0.858), respectively. Kappa coefficient and limits were still good when analyzing data before (K =0.663, 0.420 and 0.906) and after the treatment (K= 0.765, 0.632 and 0.899). The Computerized Stereoscopic Game test allows the measure of stereoacuity. It can be used for both the purpose of detecting stereo vision deficits or tracking stereo vision development.