Regenerative neurogenic response from glia requires insulin-driven neuron-glia communication

• Published in: eLife Vol. 10
• Main Authors: Harrison, Neale J, Connolly, Elizabeth, Gascón Gubieda, Alicia, Yang, Zidan, Altenhein, Benjamin, Losada Perez, Maria, Moreira, Marta, Sun, Jun, Hidalgo, Alicia
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England eLife Science Publications, Ltd 02.02.2021; eLife Sciences Publications Ltd; eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
• Subjects: Analysis; Animals; Autoantibodies - metabolism; Cell cycle; Cell division; Cell proliferation; Central nervous system; Central Nervous System - injuries; Developmental Biology; dilp6; Drosophila; Drosophila melanogaster - genetics; Drosophila melanogaster - growth & development; Drosophila melanogaster - metabolism; Drosophila Proteins - metabolism; Gene expression; Genes; Genetic analysis; Genetic aspects; Genotype & phenotype; glial cell; Glial cells; ia-2; Insects; Insulin; Insulin secretion; Larva - genetics; Larva - metabolism; Neural stem cells; Neural Stem Cells - metabolism; Neurogenesis; Neuroglia - metabolism; Neuronal-glial interactions; Neurons; Neurons - metabolism; Neurophysiology; Overexpression; Phosphatase; Proteins; Regeneration; Somatomedins - metabolism; Stem cell transplantation; Stem cells; Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine; Transcription factors; stem cells; regeneration; Drosophila; developmental biology; regenerative medicine; kon; ia-2; glial cell; NG2; neurogenesis; injury; D. melanogaster; dilp6
• ISSN: 2050-084X; 2050-084X
• DOI: 10.7554/eLife.58756

Understanding how injury to the central nervous system induces de novo neurogenesis in animals would help promote regeneration in humans. Regenerative neurogenesis could originate from glia and glial neuron-glia antigen-2 (NG2) may sense injury-induced neuronal signals, but these are unknown. Here, we used to search for genes functionally related to the homologue and identified required in neurons for insulin secretion. Both loss and over-expression of induced neural stem cell gene expression, injury increased expression and induced ectopic neural stem cells. Using genetic analysis and lineage tracing, we demonstrate that Ia-2 and Kon regulate insulin-like peptide 6 (Dilp-6) to induce glial proliferation and neural stem cells from glia. Ectopic neural stem cells can divide, and limited de novo neurogenesis could be traced back to glial cells. Altogether, Ia-2 and Dilp-6 drive a neuron-glia relay that restores glia and reprogrammes glia into neural stem cells for regeneration.