Does age matter?-Efficiency of mechanical food break down in Tupaia belangeri at different ages

• Published in: PloS one Vol. 18; no. 7; p. e0274439
• Main Authors: Schwermann, Achim H, Schultz, Julia A, Fuchs, Eberhard, Leha, Andreas, Hummel, Jürgen, Kullmer, Ottmar, Steuer, Patrick, Martin, Thomas
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 10.07.2023
• Subjects: Age; Age factors in disease; Analysis; Animal protection; Animal welfare; Animals; Biology and Life Sciences; Chitin; Comminution; Dentition; Enamel; Exoskeleton; Exoskeletons; Feces; Food; Gastrointestinal system; Gastrointestinal tract; Health aspects; Herbivores; Laboratory animals; Mastication; Medical examination; Medicine and Health Sciences; Occlusion; Oral cavity; Particle size; Physical Sciences; Scanners; Senescence; Senile; Teeth; Tupaia belangeri; Germany
• ISSN: 1932-6203; 1932-6203
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274439

The relationship of food comminution and individual age in Tupaia belangeri is investigated. It is hypothesized that with increasing age the performance of the molar dentition decreases due to progressive tooth wear. While this relationship is well-documented for herbivores, age-related test series are largely lacking for insectivorous mammals. 15 individuals of Tupaia belangeri were fed exclusively with mealworms, and their faeces were analyzed for the number and size of chitin particles. The exoskeleton of a mealworm is resistant to digestive fluids in the gastrointestinal tract, and the size of individual chitin particles indicates the effectiveness of mechanical comminution that occurs in the oral cavity during mastication. It is hypothesized that a more precise occlusion of the dentition results in smaller particle size. Although individuals of all ages (juvenile, adult, and senile) were able to effectively process mealworms with their dentition prior to digestion, a larger area of very large chitin particles (98% quantile of all particles in senile animals as compared to in the same quantile in adults) in the feces of senile animals was detected. Even though the particle size of indigestible material is irrelevant for the digestive process, these findings either document somatic senescence in the functionality of the teeth, or alternatively a change in chewing behaviour with age.