Dynamics of transposable element accumulation in the non-recombining regions of mating-type chromosomes in anther-smut fungi

• Published in: Nature communications Vol. 14; no. 1; pp. 5692 - 18
• Main Authors: Duhamel, Marine, Hood, Michael E., Rodríguez de la Vega, Ricardo C., Giraud, Tatiana
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 14.09.2023; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 631/181/2474; 631/208/212/2304; 631/208/212/2305; 631/208/212/748; Accumulation; Bursts; Cell Communication; Chromosomes; Deceleration; DNA Replication; DNA Transposable Elements - genetics; Evolution; Fungi; Gene Conversion; Genomes; Helitrons; Humanities and Social Sciences; Life Sciences; Long terminal repeat; Mating; multidisciplinary; Nonlinear dynamics; Recombination; Reproduction; Reservoirs; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Transposition; Transposons
• ISSN: 2041-1723; 2041-1723
• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41413-4

In the absence of recombination, the number of transposable elements (TEs) increases due to less efficient selection, but the dynamics of such TE accumulations are not well characterized. Leveraging a dataset of 21 independent events of recombination cessation of different ages in mating-type chromosomes of Microbotryum fungi, we show that TEs rapidly accumulated in regions lacking recombination, but that TE content reached a plateau at ca. 50% of occupied base pairs by 1.5 million years following recombination suppression. The same TE superfamilies have expanded in independently evolved non-recombining regions, in particular rolling-circle replication elements ( Helitrons ). Long-terminal repeat (LTR) retrotransposons of the Copia and Ty3 superfamilies also expanded, through transposition bursts (distinguished from gene conversion based on LTR divergence), with both non-recombining regions and autosomes affected, suggesting that non-recombining regions constitute TE reservoirs. This study improves our knowledge of genome evolution by showing that TEs can accumulate through bursts, following non-linear decelerating dynamics. In the absence of recombination, the number of transposable elements (TEs) increases, but their accumulation dynamics are not well characterized. This study shows that TEs rapidly accumulated in non-recombining fungal mating-type chromosomes before reaching a plateau, possibly forming a TE reservoir.