The gestational foundation of sex differences in development and vulnerability

Highlights • Fetal sex confers effects on pregnancy, the intrauterine milieu and early development. • Prenatal and perinatal adversity affects male fetuses and neonates more negatively. • Fetal sex has been under-recognized as physiologically consequential for pregnant women. • Mechanisms by which b...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inNeuroscience Vol. 342; pp. 4 - 20
Main Authors DiPietro, J.A, Voegtline, K.M
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Elsevier Ltd 07.02.2017
Subjects
Animals
Disease Susceptibility - embryology
Disease Susceptibility - physiopathology
Female
fetal development
Fetal Development - physiology
Humans
Male
male vulnerability
Neurology
perinatal risk
Pregnancy
Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects - physiopathology
prenatal exposures
Sex Characteristics
sex differences
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome
ADHD
NAS
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal
pregnancy
perinatal risk
FASD
male vulnerability
mental development index
fetal alcohol spectrum disorder
BPA
MDI
chlorpyrifos
CPF
HPA
bisphenol A
prenatal exposures
sex differences
fetal development
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Summary:Highlights • Fetal sex confers effects on pregnancy, the intrauterine milieu and early development. • Prenatal and perinatal adversity affects male fetuses and neonates more negatively. • Fetal sex has been under-recognized as physiologically consequential for pregnant women. • Mechanisms by which biological sex imparts vulnerability or protection are largely unknown.
Bibliography:ObjectType-Article-2
SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1
ObjectType-Feature-3
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ObjectType-Review-1
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ISSN:0306-4522
1873-7544
DOI:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.07.068