The Mycobiome in Health and Disease: Emerging Concepts, Methodologies and Challenges

Fungal disease is an increasingly recognised global clinical challenge associated with high mortality. Early diagnosis of fungal infection remains problematic due to the poor sensitivity and specificity of current diagnostic modalities. Advances in sequencing technologies hold promise in addressing...

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Published inMycopathologia (1975) Vol. 185; no. 2; pp. 207 - 231
Main Authors Tiew, Pei Yee, Mac Aogain, Micheál, Ali, Nur A’tikah Binte Mohamed, Thng, Kai Xian, Goh, Karlyn, Lau, Kenny J. X., Chotirmall, Sanjay H.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Dordrecht Springer Netherlands 01.04.2020
Springer
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects
Analysis
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Computational Biology
Eukaryotic Microbiology
Fungi - genetics
Fungi - pathogenicity
Health aspects
High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
Host Microbial Interactions
Humans
Infection
Life Sciences
Medical colleges
Medical Microbiology
Metagenomics
Microbial Ecology
Microbiology
Mortality
Mycobiome
Mycoses
Mycoses - epidemiology
Mycoses - etiology
Mycoses - therapy
Mycoses - transmission
Pathology, Molecular
Pentamidine isethionate
Plant Sciences
Posaconazole
Review
Clinical
Metagenomics
ITS sequencing
Mycobiome
Bioinformatics
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Summary:Fungal disease is an increasingly recognised global clinical challenge associated with high mortality. Early diagnosis of fungal infection remains problematic due to the poor sensitivity and specificity of current diagnostic modalities. Advances in sequencing technologies hold promise in addressing these shortcomings and for improved fungal detection and identification. To translate such emerging approaches into mainstream clinical care will require refinement of current sequencing and analytical platforms, ensuring standardisation and consistency through robust clinical benchmarking and its validation across a range of patient populations. In this state-of-the-art review, we discuss current diagnostic and therapeutic challenges associated with fungal disease and provide key examples where the application of sequencing technologies has potential diagnostic application in assessing the human ‘mycobiome’. We assess how ready access to fungal sequencing may be exploited in broadening our insight into host–fungal interaction, providing scope for clinical diagnostics and the translation of emerging mycobiome research into clinical practice.
ISSN:0301-486X
1573-0832
DOI:10.1007/s11046-019-00413-z