Magnesium intake and all-cause mortality after stroke: a cohort study

• Published in: Nutrition journal Vol. 22; no. 1; pp. 1 - 54
• Main Authors: Wang, Mengyan, Peng, Jianhong, Yang, Caili, Zhang, Wenyuan, Cheng, Zicheng, Zheng, Haibin
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London BioMed Central Ltd 30.10.2023; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: All-cause mortality; Analysis; Blood pressure; Body mass index; Cardiovascular disease; Cohort analysis; Diabetes; Dietary; Dietary intake; Dietary supplement; Dietary supplements; Energy intake; Health aspects; Health risks; Heart failure; Hyperlipidemia; Hypertension; Interviews; Magnesium; Mortality; Mortality risk; Nutrient status; Patients; Population studies; Potassium; Renal function; Self report; Smoking; Sociodemographics; Statistical analysis; Stroke; Surveys; China; United States > US
• ISSN: 1475-2891; 1475-2891
• DOI: 10.1186/s12937-023-00886-1

We analyzed data from 917 patients with a self-reported history of stroke from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-2018. The total magnesium intake was calculated by summing the magnesium intake from dietary and dietary supplements, and then adjusting for total energy intake according to the nutrient density method. Mortality status was determined using public-use linked mortality files from 2019. Cox regression model and restricted cubic splines were used to explore the relationship between magnesium intake and all-cause mortality. The average total magnesium intake across all patients was 251.0 (184.5-336.5) mg/d, and 321 (70.2%) males and 339 (73.7%) females had insufficient magnesium intake. During a median follow-up period of 5.3 years, 277 deaths occurred. After fully adjusting for confounding factors, total magnesium intake levels were inversely associated with all-cause mortality risk (HR per 1-mg/(100 kcal*d) increase, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.94-1.00; p = 0.017). Participants with the highest quartile of total magnesium intake ([greater than or equal to] 18.5 mg/(100 kcal*d)) had a 40% reduction in all-cause mortality risk compared to those with the lowest quartile ([less than or equal to] 12.0 mg/(100 kcal*d)) (HR, 0.60; 95% CI, 0.38-0.94; p = 0.024). Stratified analyses showed that this inverse association was statistically significant in those who were older, female, without hypertension, and had smoking, normal renal function, and adequate energy intake. Dietary magnesium intake alone might be not related to all-cause mortality. Stroke survivors who consumed adequate amounts of magnesium from diet and supplements had a lower risk of all-cause mortality.