Atmospheric deposition of heavy metals in the Pearl River Delta, China

• Published in: Atmospheric environment (1994) Vol. 37; no. 6; pp. 767 - 776
• Main Authors: Wong, C.S.C., Li, X.D., Zhang, G., Qi, S.H., Peng, X.Z.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford Elsevier Ltd 01.02.2003; Elsevier Science
• Subjects: Air land interactions; Applied sciences; Atmospheric deposition; Atmospheric pollution; China; Deltas; Economic development; Environment pollution; Exact sciences and technology; Heavy metals; Industrial wastes; Lead (metal); Man environment interactions; Pb isotopes; Pearl River Delta; Pollution; Pollution sources. Measurement results; Rivers; Water pollution; Water sampling; USA, Great Lakes; China, People's Rep., Zhu R; AN, North Sea; ISEW, China, People's Rep., Guangdong Prov., Zhujiang Delta; China, People's Rep; ISEW, China, People's Rep., Hong Kong; North Sea; Atmospheric deposition; Pearl River Delta; China; Heavy metals; Pb isotopes; Isotopic analysis; Atmospheric fallout; Troposphere; Urban area; Spatial variation; Time variation; Heavy metal; Seasonal variation; Pollution source inventory; Rural area; Air pollution; Suburban zone; Sampling; Concentration distribution; Anthropogenic factor
• ISSN: 1352-2310; 1873-2844
• DOI: 10.1016/S1352-2310(02)00929-9

Rapid urban and industrial development in China in the last few decades has provoked some serious environmental concerns. As one of the regions with the fastest economic development in China, the Pearl River Delta (PRD) is particularly susceptible to environmental degradation. Atmospheric emissions represent a major pathway of anthropogenic inputs of heavy metals into the surface environment. Samples of atmospheric deposits were collected at urban, suburban and rural locations in the PRD (including Hong Kong) using bulk deposition samplers in the summer and winter seasons of 2001–2002. The samples were analyzed for heavy metal concentrations and Pb isotopic compositions. According to the analytical results, atmospheric deposition of Cr, Cu, Pb and Zn in the PRD (6.43±3.19, 18.6±7.88, 12.7±6.72 and 104±36.4 mg/m 2/yr, respectively) was significantly elevated compared with other regions, e.g. the Great Lakes region in North America and the North Sea in Europe. It was also found that atmospheric deposition of Cu, Cr and Zn was generally higher in the summer than that in the winter, which could be caused by the washout effect of the rainy season in the subtropical region. The Pb isotopic composition of the air deposits ( 206Pb/ 207Pb 1.161–1.177) indicated that atmospheric inputs of Pb derived mainly from anthropogenic sources, e.g. vehicular exhaust and Pb ore in the PRD. However, the distribution of 206Pb/ 207Pb and 208Pb/ 207Pb ratios of some atmospheric deposits in the summer season suggested that atmospheric Pb at some locations of the PRD could be attributed to other anthropogenic source(s).