Development, physicochemical characterization and in-vitro biocompatibility study of dromedary camel dentine derived hydroxyapatite for bone repair

• Published in: PeerJ (San Francisco, CA) Vol. 11; p. e15711
• Main Authors: Khurshid, Zohaib, Alfarhan, Mohammed Farhan A, Bayan, Yasmin, Mazher, Javed, Adanir, Necdet, Dias, George J, Cooper, Paul R, Ratnayake, Jithendra
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States PeerJ. Ltd 03.08.2023; PeerJ, Inc; PeerJ Inc
• Subjects: Animal products; Animals; Artificial bones; Biochemistry; Biocompatibility; Bioengineering; Bone cement; Bone grafts; Bone healing; Calcium - chemistry; Camel; Camelus; Cell culture; Chemical properties; Dental graft; Dentin; Dentine; Durapatite - pharmacology; Humans; Hydroxyapatite; Lasers; Magnesium; Mass spectroscopy; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Morphology; Osteonectin; Raman spectroscopy; Scanning electron microscopy; Strontium; Teeth; Testing; Thermogravimetric analysis; Tooth; Tubules; X-ray diffraction; Zoology; Saudi Arabia; United Kingdom > UK; France; United States > US; Bone cement; Bone tissue engineering; Hydroxyapatite; Camel; Tooth; Dental graft; Dentine
• ISSN: 2167-8359; 2167-8359
• DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15711

This study aimed to produce hydroxyapatite from the dentine portion of camel teeth using a defatting and deproteinizing procedure and characterize its physicochemical and biocompatibility properties. Biowaste such as waste camel teeth is a valuable source of hydroxyapatite, the main inorganic constituent of human bone and teeth which is frequently used as bone grafts in the biomedical field. Fourier Transform infrared (FTIR), and micro-Raman spectroscopy confirmed the functional groups as-sociated with hydroxyapatite. X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies showed camel dentine-derived hydroxyapatite (CDHA) corresponded with hydroxyapatite spectra. Scanning electron micros-copy (SEM) demonstrated the presence of dentinal tubules measuring from 1.69-2.91 µm. The inorganic phases of CDHA were primarily constituted of calcium and phosphorus, with trace levels of sodium, magnesium, potassium, and strontium, according to energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). After 28 days of incubation in simulated body fluid (SBF), the pH of the CDHA scaffold elevated to 9.2. biocompatibility studies showed that the CDHA enabled Saos-2 cells to proliferate and express the bone marker osteonectin after 14 days of culture. For applications such as bone augmentation and filling bone gaps, CDHA offers a promising material. However, to evaluate the clinical feasibility of the CDHA, further studies are required.