Antagonistic Effects Of Baicalin On Mycoplasma gallisepticum -Induced Inflammation And Apoptosis By Restoring Energy Metabolism In The Chicken Lungs

• Published in: Infection and drug resistance Vol. 12; pp. 3075 - 3089
• Main Authors: Ishfaq, Muhammad, Zhang, Wei, Hu, Wanying, Waqas Ali Shah, Syed, Liu, Yuhao, Wang, Jian, Wu, Zhiyong, Ahmad, Ijaz, Li, Jichang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New Zealand Dove Medical Press Limited 01.01.2019; Taylor & Francis Ltd; Dove; Dove Medical Press
• Subjects: Adenosine triphosphatase; Alveoli; Analysis; Anti-inflammatory agents; Apoptosis; ATPases; Bacterial infections; Baicalin; Cancer; Chemokines; Cytokines; Dehydrogenases; DNA; DNA nucleotidylexotransferase; Energy; Energy metabolism; Enzymes; Gene expression; Genes; Genetic research; Health aspects; Infection; Infections; Inflammation; Kinases; Laboratory animals; Lungs; Messenger RNA; Metabolism; Mitochondria; mRNA; Mycoplasma gallisepticum; NF-κB protein; Nuclei; Original Research; Physiological aspects; Poultry; Protein turnover; Researchers; RNA; Studies; Therapeutic applications; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Tumors; Veterinary medicine; Western blotting; China; Peshawar Pakistan; lungs; baicalin; inflammation; energy metabolism; Mycoplasma gallisepticum
• ISSN: 1178-6973; 1178-6973
• DOI: 10.2147/IDR.S223085

Baicalin possesses potential anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor and anti-oxidant activities. In the present study, we attempted to investigate the preventive effects of baicalin against (MG)-induced inflammation, apoptosis and energy metabolism dysfunction in chicken lungs. Experimental chickens were randomly divided into 1) control group, 2) MG infection group, 3) MG-infected group treated with baicalin at a dose of 450 mg/kg and 4) baicalin alone treated group (450 mg/kg). After 7 days of post-treatment, serum and lung tissues were collected for different experimental analyses. The hallmarks of inflammation, apoptosis and energy metabolism dysfunction were detected by histological and ultrastructural examination, qRT-PCR, Western blotting and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick endlabeling (TUNEL) assay. The level of serum inflammatory markers were increased with MG infection. Histological and ultrastructural analysis showed excessive inflammatory cells infiltrates, alveolar wall thickening, hemorrhages, mitochondrial and nuclear damage, including mitochondrial swelling and condensation of DNA in the lungs of chickens infected with MG. TUNEL assay positive-stained nuclei were significantly increased in MG infection group. In addition, the mRNA and protein expression level of energy metabolism-related genes and ATPase activities were significantly reduced. Meanwhile, MG-induced morphological and ultrastructural changes were partially disappeared with baicalin-treatment, and the level of serum inflammatory markers were significantly reduced. It has been noted that baicalin significantly attenuated MG-induced inflammation and apoptosis in the chicken lungs through the suppression of nuclear factor-kappa B and reduced extensive positive-stained apoptotic nuclei. More importantly, ATPase activities and mRNA and protein expression level of energy metabolism-related genes were significantly improved with baicalin-treatment in the lungs of chickens infected with MG. Conclusively, it has been suggested from these results that baicalin-treatment efficiently prevented MG-induced inflammation, apoptosis and energy metabolism dysfunction in the chicken lungs and provide basis for new therapeutic targets to control MG infection.