Safety and pharmacokinetics of dicloxacillin in healthy Chinese volunteers following single and multiple oral doses

• Published in: Drug design, development and therapy Vol. 9; no. default; pp. 5687 - 5695
• Main Authors: Wu, Guolan, Zheng, Yun-liang, Zhou, Hui-li, Hu, Xing-jiang, Liu, Jian, Zhai, You, Zhu, Mei-xiang, Wu, Li-hua, Shentu, Jian-zhong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New Zealand Dove Medical Press Limited 01.01.2015; Taylor & Francis Ltd; Dove Medical Press
• Subjects: Accumulation; Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Anti-Bacterial Agents - administration & dosage; Anti-Bacterial Agents - adverse effects; Anti-Bacterial Agents - blood; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacokinetics; Anti-Bacterial Agents - urine; Antibiotics; Antimicrobial activity; Area Under Curve; Asian Continental Ancestry Group; Bacterial infections; China; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Clinical medicine; Cross-Over Studies; Crossovers; Dicloxacillin; Dicloxacillin - administration & dosage; Dicloxacillin - adverse effects; Dicloxacillin - blood; Dicloxacillin - pharmacokinetics; Dicloxacillin - urine; Dosage and administration; Dose-response relationship (Biochemistry); Drug Administration Schedule; Drug dosages; Drug metabolism; Female; Females; Food; Gram-positive bacteria; Half-Life; Healthy Volunteers; Hemodialysis; Hepatitis; High performance liquid chromatography; Humans; Laboratories; Linear Models; Liquid chromatography; Male; Mass spectrometry; Mass spectroscopy; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Middle Aged; Models, Biological; Original Research; Penicillin; Pharmacokinetics; Pharmacology; Pneumonia; Renal Elimination; Safety; Sodium; Statistical methods; Streptococcus; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Urinary tract diseases; Urinary tract infections; Urine; Urogenital system; Young Adult; China; United States > US; pharmacokinetics; dicloxacillin; safety; healthy volunteers; tolerability
• ISSN: 1177-8881; 1177-8881
• DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S92117

Dicloxacillin, a semisynthetic isoxazolyl penicillin antibiotic, has antimicrobial activity against a wide variety of gram-positive bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumonia, Streptococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus viridans, Streptococcus agalactiae, and Neisseria meningitidis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the safety and pharmacokinetic profile of dicloxacillin after single and multiple oral dose in healthy Chinese volunteers. A single-center, open-label, randomized, two-phase study was conducted in 16 subjects. In the single-dose phase, subjects were randomly assigned to receive single doses of 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 g of dicloxacillin sodium capsule in a 4-way crossover design with a 5-day washout period between administrations. In the multiple-dose phase, subjects were assigned to receive 0.25 or 0.5 g every 6 hours for 3 days in a 2-way crossover design. Plasma and urine pharmacokinetic samples were assayed by a validated high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method. Pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated and analyzed statistically. Safety assessments were conducted throughout the study. Following a single oral dose of 0.25-2.0 g dicloxacillin sodium, the maximum plasma drug concentration (Cmax) and the corresponding values for the area under the concentration- time curve from 0 to 10 hours (AUC0-10 h) increased in a dose-proportional manner. The mean elimination half-life (t1/2) was in the range of 1.38-1.71 hours. Dicloxacillin was excreted in its unchanged form via the kidney, with no tendency of accumulation, and varied from 38.65% to 50.10%. No appreciable accumulation of drug occurred with multiple oral doses of dicloxacillin. No serious adverse events were reported. Adverse events were generally mild. Dicloxacillin was safe and well tolerated in the volunteers and displayed linear increases in the Cmax and AUC0-10 h values.