Source apportion of atmospheric particulate matter: a joint Eulerian/Lagrangian approach

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international Vol. 21; no. 23; pp. 13160 - 13168
• Main Authors: Riccio, A, Chianese, E, Agrillo, G, Esposito, C, Ferrara, L, Tirimberio, G
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer-Verlag 01.12.2014; Springer Berlin Heidelberg; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Africa, Northern; Air Pollutants - analysis; Air pollution; Air Pollution - analysis; Airborne particulates; Algorithms; Analytical chemistry; Aquatic environment; Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric aerosols; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Chemical analysis; Chemistry in a Sustainable Society; Chromatography; Cities; Dust; Dust - analysis; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; Emissions; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental effects; Environmental Health; Environmental monitoring; Environmental Monitoring - methods; Environmental stress; Eulers equations; Factor analysis; ion exchange chromatography; Italy; Lagrange multiplier; Models, Statistical; monitoring; Multivariate Analysis; Outdoor air quality; Particulate matter; Particulate Matter - analysis; particulates; Pollutants; Pollution abatement; Pollution sources; Samplers; Studies; Time series; Urban areas; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollution Control; Northern European region; Italy; Africa, Northern; Africa, Sahara Desert; Italy, Campania, Napoli; Africa; Inverse analysis; Chemical composition; PM; Source–receptor; Particulate matter; HYSPLIT
• ISSN: 0944-1344; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2367-5

PM₂.₅samples were collected during an annual monitoring campaign (January 2012–January 2013) in the urban area of Naples, one of the major cities in Southern Italy. Samples were collected by means of a standard gravimetric sampler (Tecora Echo model) and characterized from a chemical point of view by ion chromatography. As a result, 143 samples together with their ionic composition have been collected. We extend traditional source apportionment techniques, usually based on multivariate factor analysis, interpreting the chemical analysis results within a Lagrangian framework. The Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory Model (HYSPLIT) model was used, providing linkages to the source regions in the upwind areas. Results were analyzed in order to quantify the relative weight of different source types/areas. Model results suggested that PM concentrations are strongly affected not only by local emissions but also by transboundary emissions, especially from the Eastern and Northern European countries and African Saharan dust episodes.