Artificial intelligence for assisting diagnostics and assessment of Parkinson’s disease—A review

• Published in: Clinical neurology and neurosurgery Vol. 184; p. 105442
• Main Authors: Belić, Minja, Bobić, Vladislava, Badža, Milica, Šolaja, Nikola, Đurić-Jovičić, Milica, Kostić, Vladimir S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.09.2019; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: Accuracy; Algorithms; Artificial intelligence; Assessment; Basal ganglia; Central nervous system diseases; Collaboration; Data collection; Deep learning; Diagnostics; Gait; Keywords; Kinematics; Learning algorithms; Machine learning; Motion analysis; Motion capture; Movement disorders; Neural networks; Neurodegenerative diseases; Neurology; Neurosurgery; Parkinson's disease; Sensors; Smartphones; Systematic review; Diagnostics; Machine learning; Assessment; Kinematics; Artificial intelligence; Motion analysis; Parkinson’s disease
• ISSN: 0303-8467; 1872-6968; 1872-6968
• DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2019.105442

•Advanced algorithms can contribute to more efficient PD diagnosis and assessment.•Artificial Neural Networks gave the highest accuracy (>95%) for early PD detection.•SVM proved to be the most successful algorithm for symptom severity prediction.•The studies are diverse in terms of participants, methodology and outcome measure.•Validation of algorithms would benefit from increased collaboration of researchers. Artificial intelligence, specifically machine learning, has found numerous applications in computer-aided diagnostics, monitoring and management of neurodegenerative movement disorders of parkinsonian type. These tasks are not trivial due to high inter-subject variability and similarity of clinical presentations of different neurodegenerative disorders in the early stages. This paper aims to give a comprehensive, high-level overview of applications of artificial intelligence through machine learning algorithms in kinematic analysis of movement disorders, specifically Parkinson’s disease (PD). We surveyed papers published between January 2007 and January 2019, within online databases, including PubMed and Science Direct, with a focus on the most recently published studies. The search encompassed papers dealing with the implementation of machine learning algorithms for diagnosis and assessment of PD using data describing motion of upper and lower extremities. This systematic review presents an overview of 48 relevant studies published in the abovementioned period, which investigate the use of artificial intelligence for diagnostics, therapy assessment and progress prediction in PD based on body kinematics. Different machine learning algorithms showed promising results, particularly for early PD diagnostics. The investigated publications demonstrated the potentials of collecting data from affordable and globally available devices. However, to fully exploit artificial intelligence technologies in the future, more widespread collaboration is advised among medical institutions, clinicians and researchers, to facilitate aligning of data collection protocols, sharing and merging of data sets.