Therapeutic strategies in METex14 skipping mutated non-small cell lung cancer

• Published in: Journal of hematology and oncology Vol. 14; no. 1; pp. 1 - 129
• Main Authors: Drusbosky, Leylah M, Dawar, Richa, Rodriguez, Estelamari, Ikpeazu, Chukwuemeka V
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London BioMed Central Ltd 23.08.2021; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Adenocarcinoma; Binding sites; Biomarkers; Biopsy; Blood-brain barrier; c-Met protein; Cancer therapies; Care and treatment; Cell growth; Clinical trials; Crizotinib; FDA approval; Gene amplification; Genes; Growth factors; Health aspects; Hematology; Hepatocyte growth factor; Kinases; Lung cancer; Lung cancer, Non-small cell; Lung carcinoma; Medical prognosis; MET Exon 14 skipping (METex14); MET protein; Metastases; Metastasis; Mutation; Non-small cell lung carcinoma; NSCLC; Oncology; Patients; Phosphorylation; Protein-tyrosine kinase receptors; Proteins; Regulatory approval; Review; Small cell lung carcinoma; Toxicity; Tumors; Tyrosine; Tyrosine kinase inhibitor
• ISSN: 1756-8722; 1756-8722
• DOI: 10.1186/s13045-021-01138-7

METex14 skipping mutations occur in about 3-4% of lung adenocarcinoma patients and 1-2% of patients with other lung cancer histology. The MET receptor tyrosine kinase and its ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) are established oncogenic drivers of NSCLC. A mutation that results in loss of exon 14 in the MET gene leads to dysregulation and inappropriate signaling that is associated with increased responsiveness to MET TKIs. Results from GEOMETRY mono-1 and VISION Phase I/II clinical trials demonstrated significant clinical activity in patients treated with the MET Exon 14 skipping mutation inhibitors capmatinib and tepotinib with tolerable toxicity profile. In the GEOMETRY mono-1 trial, capmatinib was especially active in treatment-naïve patients supporting the upfront testing of this oncogenic driver. Tepotinib demonstrated superior activity in the pretreated patients in the VISION trial. Savolitinib is another MET TKI that has shown efficacy in the first- and second-line settings, including patients with aggressive pulmonary sarcomatoid carcinoma. These studies have demonstrated that these TKIs can cross the blood brain barrier and demonstrated some activity toward CNS metastases. MET Exon 14 skipping mutation is detected by NGS-based testing of liquid or tissue biopsies, with preference for RNA-based NGS. The activity of capmatinib and tepotinib is limited by the development of acquired resistance. Current research is focused on strategies to overcome resistance and improve the effectiveness of these agents. Our aim is to review the current status of MET Exon 14 skipping mutation as it pertains NSCLC. Keywords: NSCLC, MET Exon 14 skipping (METex14), Tyrosine kinase inhibitor, Metastasis