Short‐term chemosensory distortions and phantoms in COVID‐19

• Published in: Laryngoscope investigative otolaryngology Vol. 6; no. 2; pp. 172 - 176
• Main Authors: Gurrola, José G., Chang, Jolie L., Roland, Lauren T., Loftus, Patricia A., Cheung, Steven W.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Hoboken, USA John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.04.2021; Wiley
• Subjects: Allergy, Rhinology, and Immunology; chemosensory dysfunction; Confidence intervals; COVID‐19; Infections; Nose; Olfaction disorders; Original Research; Pandemics; smell; taste; Taste disorders; Viral infections; COVID‐19; chemosensory dysfunction; smell; taste
• ISSN: 2378-8038; 2378-8038
• DOI: 10.1002/lio2.532

Objective To identify differentiation features of chemosensory dysfunction in COVID‐19 infection and their primary drivers. Study Design Cross‐sectional cohort comparison. Methods A national anonymous survey was used to query participants regarding nasal symptoms and chemosensory dysfunction including sensitivity levels, and presence or absence of distortions and phantoms within the 6‐week time window surrounding their COVID‐19 testing and survey completion. Results Three‐hundred and sixty‐four respondents who reported COVID‐19 positive (COVID+; n = 176) or COVID‐19 negative (COVID−; n = 188) test results completed the survey. The COVID+ cohort had higher occurrence rates for: (a) chemosensory sensitivity impairments (67.0% vs 30.3%; P < .01), where the rate of complete loss of smell (anosmia) or taste (ageusia) was higher (35.8% vs 4.8%; P < .01), and (b) chemosensory distortions (39.8% vs 19.1%; P < .01), where the rate of anosmia or ageusia with distortions was also higher in the COVID+ cohort (19.9% vs 2.7%; P < .01). Occurrence rates in the two cohorts were similar for chemosensory phantoms (COVID+ 17.0%, COVID− 18.6%; P = .70) and nasal discharge or stuffiness in the presence of sensitivity impairment (COVID+ 63.6%, COVID− 52.6%; P = .17). Conclusion Chemosensory dysfunction in COVID‐19 is associated with higher rates of smell or taste sensitivity impairments and distortions. Higher rates of anosmia and ageusia drive these key findings. Chemosensory phantoms and nasal symptoms in the presence of sensitivity impairment occur at rates that should demand clinical attention, but they do not appear to be specific to COVID‐19 positivity. Level of Evidence 2b. In the COVID+ cohort, a higher rate of absent smell or taste is associated with a higher rate of chemosensory distortions compared to the COVID− cohort. COVID+, N=176; COVID−, N=188.