Beyond Frameworks: Structuring Reticular Materials across Nano‐, Meso‐, and Bulk Regimes

• Published in: Angewandte Chemie International Edition Vol. 59; no. 50; pp. 22350 - 22370
• Main Authors: Haase, Frederik, Hirschle, Patrick, Freund, Ralph, Furukawa, Shuhei, Ji, Zhe, Wuttke, Stefan
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Germany Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 07.12.2020; John Wiley and Sons Inc
• Edition: International ed. in English
• Subjects: Catalysis; covalent organic frameworks; Crystal structure; Drug delivery; Drug delivery systems; external control; Lattices; metal-organic frameworks; nanoparticles; Review; Reviews; self-assembly; self-assembly; covalent organic frameworks; nanoparticles; external control; metal-organic frameworks
• ISSN: 1433-7851; 1521-3773; 1521-3773
• DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914461

Reticular materials are of high interest for diverse applications, ranging from catalysis and separation to gas storage and drug delivery. These open, extended frameworks can be tailored to the intended application through crystal‐structure design. Implementing these materials in application settings, however, requires structuring beyond their lattices, to interface the functionality at the molecular level effectively with the macroscopic world. To overcome this barrier, efforts in expressing structural control across molecular, nano‐, meso‐, and bulk regimes is the essential next step. In this Review, we give an overview of recent advances in using self‐assembly as well as externally controlled tools to manufacture reticular materials over all the length scales. We predict that major research advances in deploying these two approaches will facilitate the use of reticular materials in addressing major needs of society. Structuring reticular materials beyond periodic lattices places an emphasis on the surface functionality, morphological manifestation, and the arrangement of crystal constituents at the final stage. By harnessing the power of self‐assembly and external tools, framework structures have been deliberately controlled across all length scales that excel in diverse application scenarios.