HIV-HBV Coinfection-Current Challenges for Virologic Monitoring

• Published in: Biomedicines Vol. 11; no. 5; p. 1306
• Main Authors: Ruta, Simona, Grecu, Laura, Iacob, Diana, Cernescu, Costin, Sultana, Camelia
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 28.04.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; AIDS; Antiviral agents; Biological products industry; biomarkers; Comorbidity; Comparative analysis; Condoms; ddPCR; Development and progression; Efavirenz; Emtricitabine; Fibrosis; Hepatitis B; HIV; HIV (Viruses); HIV-HBV co-infection; Human immunodeficiency virus; Immunosenescence; Immunosuppression; Immunotherapy; Liver; Liver cancer; Liver diseases; Medical research; Medicine, Experimental; Morbidity; Mortality; pathogenesis; Patients; public health; Review; RT-PCR; Tumorigenesis; United States > US; Asia; Europe; Africa; ddPCR; pathogenesis; RT-PCR; biomarkers; HIV-HBV co-infection; antiretroviral treatment; public health
• ISSN: 2227-9059; 2227-9059
• DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11051306

HIV-HBV coinfected patients have higher rates of liver-related morbidity, hospitalizations, and mortality compared to HBV or HIV mono-infected ones. Clinical studies have shown an accelerated progression of liver fibrosis and an increased incidence of HCC, resulting from the combined action of HBV replication, immune-mediated hepatocytolysis, and HIV-induced immunosuppression and immunosenescence. Antiviral therapy based on dually active antiretrovirals is highly efficient, but late initiation, global disparities in accessibility, suboptimal regimens, and adherence issues may limit its impact on the development of end-stage liver disease. In this paper, we review the mechanisms of liver injuries in HIV-HBV coinfected patients and the novel biomarkers that can be used for treatment monitoring in HIV-HBV coinfected persons: markers that assess viral suppression, markers for liver fibrosis evaluation, and predictors of oncogenesis.