Crowdsourcing in medical research: concepts and applications

• Published in: PeerJ (San Francisco, CA) Vol. 7; p. e6762
• Main Authors: Tucker, Joseph D., Day, Suzanne, Tang, Weiming, Bayus, Barry
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States PeerJ. Ltd 12.04.2019; PeerJ, Inc; PeerJ Inc
• Subjects: Clinical trials; Collaboration; Collective intelligence; Community involvement; Crowdsourcing; Global Health; Health care; Health Policy; Hepatitis; Innovations; Intellectual property; Intelligence; Internal Medicine; Legal Issues; Literature review; Literature reviews; Medical innovations; Medical research; Medical tests; Medicine; Open source model; Problem solving; R&D; Research & development; Science and Medical Education; Sexually transmitted diseases; Social entrepreneurship; STD; Swarm intelligence; Technology application; Theory; United States > US; China; Crowdsourcing; Collective intelligence; Literature review; Theory; Open source model
• ISSN: 2167-8359; 2167-8359
• DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6762

Crowdsourcing shifts medical research from a closed environment to an open collaboration between the public and researchers. We define crowdsourcing as an approach to problem solving which involves an organization having a large group attempt to solve a problem or part of a problem, then sharing solutions. Crowdsourcing allows large groups of individuals to participate in medical research through innovation challenges, hackathons, and related activities. The purpose of this literature review is to examine the definition, concepts, and applications of crowdsourcing in medicine. This multi-disciplinary review defines crowdsourcing for medicine, identifies conceptual antecedents (collective intelligence and open source models), and explores implications of the approach. Several critiques of crowdsourcing are also examined. Although several crowdsourcing definitions exist, there are two essential elements: (1) having a large group of individuals, including those with skills and those without skills, propose potential solutions; (2) sharing solutions through implementation or open access materials. The public can be a central force in contributing to formative, pre-clinical, and clinical research. A growing evidence base suggests that crowdsourcing in medicine can result in high-quality outcomes, broad community engagement, and more open science.