The Protective Effects of Vanillic Acid and Vanillic Acid-Coated Silver Nanoparticles (AgNPs) in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats

• Published in: Journal of Diabetes Research Vol. 2024; pp. 4873544 - 11
• Main Authors: Alamri, Eman S., El Rabey, Haddad A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Hindawi 28.03.2024; John Wiley & Sons, Inc; Hindawi Limited
• Subjects: Acids; Agricultural research; Animals; Antidiabetics; Antioxidants; Antioxidants - therapeutic use; Cytokines; Dextrose; Diabetes; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - drug therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental - metabolism; Diabetic neuropathy; Drug delivery systems; Drug resistance; Drugs; Glucose; Imipenem; Immunoglobulins; Interleukins; Lipid peroxidation; Male; Metal Nanoparticles; Nanoparticles; Nitrates; Oxidative Stress; Prediabetic state; Protection and preservation; Rats; Silver; Silver - pharmacology; Silver - therapeutic use; Spectrum analysis; Streptozocin; Streptozocin - pharmacology; Vanillic Acid - pharmacology; Vanillic Acid - therapeutic use; Vehicles; United States > US; Germany; Egypt
• ISSN: 2314-6745; 2314-6753
• DOI: 10.1155/2024/4873544

The production of nanoparticles enhances the bioactivity of biological molecules for drug delivery to diseased sites. This study explains how silver nanoparticle (AgNP) coating enhanced the protection effects of vanillic acid in male diabetic rats with streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetes. Twenty-four rats were divided into four groups (n=6) for this investigation. The first group (G1) is untreated, whereas diabetes was induced in the other three groups through STZ injection. Diabetic rats that were not getting therapy were included in the second group (G2, STZ-positive), whereas the other diabetic rats were divided into the third group (G3, vanillic acid-treated) and the fourth group (G4, vanillic acid-coated AgNPs treated). The treatment lasted four weeks. In G2, the induction of diabetes significantly (at P=0.05) increased in serum glucose, glycated proteins, renal indices, interleukin-6 (IL-6), K+, immunoglobulins, and lipid peroxidation, while decreased Ca++, Na+, and other antioxidants in the kidney tissue homogenate. In addition, pathological altered signs were present in the pancreas and kidneys of diabetic rats. The renal and pancreatic tissues were effectively enhanced by vanillic acid or vanillic acid-coated AgNPs, bringing them very close to their prediabetic conditions. Vanillic acid-coated AgNPs offered a stronger defense against STZ-induced diabetes and lessened the effects of hyperglycemia compared to ordinary vanillic acid. Additionally, using vanillic acid coated with silver nanoparticles greatly increased the antioxidant and antidiabetic activity and reduced inflammation when compared to using vanillic acid alone.