Rationale, design and baseline characteristics of the CANagliflozin cardioVascular Assessment Study–Renal (CANVAS‐R): A randomized, placebo‐controlled trial

• Published in: Diabetes, obesity & metabolism Vol. 19; no. 3; pp. 387 - 393
• Main Authors: Neal, Bruce, Perkovic, Vlado, Matthews, David R., Mahaffey, Kenneth W., Fulcher, Greg, Meininger, Gary, Erondu, Ngozi, Desai, Mehul, Shaw, Wayne, Vercruysse, Frank, Yee, Jacqueline, Deng, Hsiaowei, de Zeeuw, Dick
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.03.2017; Wiley Subscription Services, Inc
• Subjects: Aged; Albuminuria; Antidiabetics; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Canagliflozin - therapeutic use; cardiovascular disease; Cardiovascular Diseases - epidemiology; Comorbidity; Diabetes; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - drug therapy; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology; Diabetic Nephropathies - metabolism; Disease Progression; Double-Blind Method; Evidence-based medicine; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Health risk assessment; Hemoglobin; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents - therapeutic use; Kidney Failure, Chronic - epidemiology; Kidney Failure, Chronic - metabolism; Male; Middle Aged; Original; Prospective Studies; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic - metabolism; SGLT2 inhibitor; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors; type 2 diabetes; cardiovascular disease; SGLT2 inhibitor; type 2 diabetes
• ISSN: 1462-8902; 1463-1326; 1463-1326
• DOI: 10.1111/dom.12829

Aims The primary aim of the CANagliflozin cardioVascular Assessment Study‐Renal (CANVAS‐R) is to determine whether the favourable effects of inhibition of the sodium glucose co‐transporter 2 (SGLT2) on blood glucose, blood pressure and body weight are accompanied by protection against adverse renal outcomes. Materials and methods CANVAS‐R is a prospective, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial in patients with type 2 diabetes with a history or high risk of cardiovascular events. Patients were randomly assigned to once‐daily placebo or canagliflozin 100 mg (with optional uptitration to 300 mg) for a planned average of 2.5 years of follow‐up. The primary outcome is kidney disease progression, defined by class change in albuminuria. The two secondary outcomes are the composite of hospitalized heart failure or cardiovascular death, and cardiovascular death alone. Effects on end‐stage renal disease and a range of other outcomes will also be explored. Results A total of 5812 participants were recruited at 422 sites in 24 countries between January 2014 and May 2015. The mean baseline age was 64 years, mean duration of diabetes was 14 years, mean glycated haemoglobin level was 8.3% and mean body mass index was 32 kg/m2. Of these participants, 37% were women, 71% had a history of cardiovascular disease, 22.3% had microalbuminuria and 8.7% had macroalbuminuria. The mean baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate was 76 mL/min/1.73 m2. The study will have at least 90% power ( P = .05) to detect a 22% or greater reduction in the risk of progression of albuminuria. Conclusions The trial should define the potential renoprotective effect of canagliflozin and will provide additional important new data about its effects on vascular outcomes, death and kidney failure.