Allogenic Perinatal Tissue for Musculoskeletal Regenerative Medicine Applications: A Systematic Review

• Published in: Biomedicines Vol. 10; no. 12; p. 3173
• Main Authors: Aratikatla, Adarsh, Maffulli, Nicola, Rodriguez, Hugo C, Gupta, Manu, Potty, Anish G, Gupta, Ashim
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.12.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: Amniotic fluid; Amniotic membrane; amniotic tissue; Autografts; Bone marrow; Cartilage; Clinical outcomes; Gene expression; Injuries; Joint replacement surgery; Magnetic resonance imaging; Medical research; Medicine, Experimental; Mesenchyme; Morbidity; Musculoskeletal diseases; musculoskeletal injuries; Narcotics; orthopaedics; Orthopedics; Patients; Regenerative medicine; Stem cell transplantation; Stem cells; Steroids; Systematic Review; Umbilical cord; Wharton’s jelly; orthopaedics; amniotic membrane; amniotic tissue; regenerative medicine; PRISMA; Wharton’s jelly; systematic review; umbilical cord; musculoskeletal injuries; perinatal tissue; amniotic fluid
• ISSN: 2227-9059; 2227-9059
• DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123173

Producing tremendous amounts of stress and financial burden on the global patient population and healthcare systems around the world, most current modalities of treatment for musculoskeletal ailments often do not address the etiopathogenetic causes of these disorders. Regenerative medicine for musculoskeletal disorders relies on orthobiologics derived from either allogenic or autologous sources. Multiple drawbacks are associated with autologous sources, including donor-site morbidity, a dearth of studies, and variability in both patient reported and clinical/functional outcomes. On the other hand, allogenic sources address several of these concerns, and continue to be a suitable source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). This review qualitatively reports both the preclinical and clinical outcomes of publications studying the applications of umbilical cord (-derived Wharton's jelly), amniotic suspension allograft, amniotic membrane, and amniotic fluid in musculoskeletal medicine. A systematic review was conducted utilizing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines on studies published between January 2010 and October 2022 that used allogeneic perinatal tissues. Further randomized controlled clinical studies are necessary to properly evaluate the safety and efficacy of these tissues in orthopedic surgery.