Detection of Cochlear Amplification and Its Activation

The operation of the mammalian cochlea relies on a mechanical traveling wave that is actively boosted by electromechanical forces in sensory outer hair cells (OHCs). This active cochlear amplifier produces the impressive sensitivity and frequency resolution of mammalian hearing. The cochlear amplifi...

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Bibliographic Details
Published inBiophysical journal Vol. 105; no. 4; pp. 1067 - 1078
Main Authors Dong, Wei, Olson, Elizabeth S.
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published United States Elsevier Inc 20.08.2013
Biophysical Society
The Biophysical Society
Subjects
Animals
Biomechanical Phenomena
Cells
Cochlea - cytology
Cochlea - physiology
ears
Ears & hearing
electric current
Electrophysiological Phenomena
electrophysiology
Gerbillinae
Hair Cells, Auditory, Outer - cytology
hearing
Mammals
Pressure
Sound
Spatio-Temporal Analysis
Systems Biophysics
Tissues
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Summary:The operation of the mammalian cochlea relies on a mechanical traveling wave that is actively boosted by electromechanical forces in sensory outer hair cells (OHCs). This active cochlear amplifier produces the impressive sensitivity and frequency resolution of mammalian hearing. The cochlear amplifier has inspired scientists since its discovery in the 1970s, and is still not well understood. To explore cochlear electromechanics at the sensory cell/tissue interface, sound-evoked intracochlear pressure and extracellular voltage were measured using a recently developed dual-sensor with a microelectrode attached to a micro-pressure sensor. The resulting coincident in vivo observations of OHC electrical activity, pressure at the basilar membrane and basilar membrane displacement gave direct evidence for power amplification in the cochlea. Moreover, the results showed a phase shift of voltage relative to mechanical responses at frequencies slightly below the peak, near the onset of amplification. Based on the voltage-force relationship of isolated OHCs, the shift would give rise to effective OHC pumping forces within the traveling wave peak. Thus, the shift activates the cochlear amplifier, serving to localize and thus sharpen the frequency region of amplification. These results are the most concrete evidence for cochlear power amplification to date and support OHC somatic forces as its source.
Bibliography:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2013.06.049
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ISSN:0006-3495
1542-0086
DOI:10.1016/j.bpj.2013.06.049