Survival after reduced-intensity conditioning is not inferior to standard high-dose conditioning before allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation in acute leukaemias

• Published in: Bone marrow transplantation (Basingstoke) Vol. 36; no. 8; pp. 683 - 689
• Main Authors: MASSENKEIL, G, NAGY, M, NEUBURGER, S, TAMM, I, LUTZ, C, LE COUTRE, P, ROSEN, O, WERNECKE, K-D, DÖRKEN, B, ARNOLD, R
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Basingstoke Nature Publishing Group 01.10.2005
• Subjects: Acute Disease; Acute leukemia; Acute lymphoblastic leukemia; Adult; Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy; Biological and medical sciences; Bone marrow; Bone marrow, stem cells transplantation. Graft versus host reaction; Care and treatment; Chimerism; Conditioning; Cytogenetics; Diagnosis; Disease-Free Survival; Female; Graft-versus-host reaction; Health risks; Hematologic and hematopoietic diseases; Hematopoietic stem cells; Histocompatibility Testing; Humans; Infections; Leukemia; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - mortality; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - pathology; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - therapy; Leukemias. Malignant lymphomas. Malignant reticulosis. Myelofibrosis; Living Donors; Male; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Neoplasm Staging; Patient outcomes; Risk analysis; Risk assessment; Risk factors; Stem Cell Transplantation; Stem cells; Survival; Survival Analysis; Transfusions. Complications. Transfusion reactions. Cell and gene therapy; Transplantation; Transplantation Conditioning; Transplantation, Homologous - methods; Transplants & implants; Germany; Human; AML; standard high-dose conditioning; ALL; Acute; Stem cell; Hematopoietic cell; Homograft; nonmyeloablative stem cell transplantation; Malignant hemopathy; Non myeloablative treatment; reduced-intensity conditioning; Survival; Treatment; Lymphoproliferative syndrome; Graft; Myelosuppression; Acute lymphocytic leukemia; High dose; Comparative study; Acute myelocytic leukemia
• ISSN: 0268-3369; 1476-5365
• DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705123

To assess the role of allogeneic stem cell transplantation (SCT) after reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) in acute leukaemias, we retrospectively compared 25 patients with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia or acute myelogenous leukaemia after RIC to a historical group of 50 matched controls after high-dose conditioning. Engraftment, acute GvHD and severe infections were comparable in both groups. During the observation period, 1/25 patients (4%) after RIC and 14/50 (28%) after standard SCT died due to transplant-related causes; cumulative nonrelapse mortality (NRM) was 4% after RIC and 24% after standard SCT (P=0.029). In total, 15/25 patients (60%) relapsed after RIC and 20/50 (40%) after standard SCT; probability of disease-free survival (DFS) at 3 years was 43% after RIC and 49% after standard SCT (NS). Overall survival (OS) was 40% after RIC and 37% after standard SCT (NS). Stage of disease, cytogenetic risk profile, acute and chronic GvHD, chimerism status at day 90 and severe infections after transplantation were risk factors with significant impact on DFS and/or OS. In retrospective analysis, patients with acute leukaemias who receive RIC because of contraindications against standard SCT have a comparable outcome to standard SCT, but the higher relapse rate warrants further studies.