Role of uric acid in neurodegenerative diseases, focusing on Alzheimer and Parkinson disease: A new perspective

• Published in: Neuropsychopharmacology reports Vol. 44; no. 3; pp. 639 - 649
• Main Authors: Alrouji, Mohammed, Al‐kuraishy, Hayder M., Al‐Gareeb, Ali I., Alshammari, Mohammed S., Alexiou, Athanasios, Papadakis, Marios, Bahaa, Mostafa M., Batiha, Gaber El‐Saber
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.09.2024; John Wiley and Sons Inc; Wiley
• Subjects: Alzheimer Disease - metabolism; Alzheimer's disease; Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; Animals; antioxidant; Antioxidants; Autophagy; Brain; Cognitive Dysfunction - etiology; Cognitive Dysfunction - metabolism; Cohort analysis; Disease; Free radicals; Health risk assessment; Humans; Hyperuricemia; Ischemia; Lipid peroxidation; Meta-analysis; Neurodegeneration; neurodegenerative diseases; Neurodegenerative Diseases - metabolism; Neurological disorders; Neurons; Neuropathology; Oxidative stress; Oxidative Stress - drug effects; Oxidative Stress - physiology; Parkinson Disease - drug therapy; Parkinson Disease - metabolism; Parkinson's disease; Population; Proteins; Review; Rheumatism; Stroke; Systematic review; Uric acid; Uric Acid - blood; Uric Acid - metabolism; hyperuricemia; neurodegenerative diseases; antioxidant; uric acid
• ISSN: 2574-173X; 2574-173X
• DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12445

Neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer disease (AD) and Parkinson disease (PD) are group of diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) characterized by progressive neurodegenerations and cognitive impairment. Findings from different studies highlighted the beneficial and detrimental effects of serum uric acid on the development and progression of NDs. Therefore, this mini‐review aims to discuss the beneficial and detrimental effects of uric on NDs. The neuroprotective effect of uric acid is mainly related to the antioxidant effect of uric acid which alleviates oxidative stress‐induced neurodegeneration in AD and PD. However, long‐term effect of hyperuricemia prompts for the development and progression of cognitive impairment. Hyperuricemia is associated with cognitive impairment and dementia, and gout increases dementia risk. In addition, hyperuricemia can cause cerebral vascular injury which is a risk factor for vascular dementia and cognitive impairment. Taken together, the relationship between uric acid and NDs risk remains conflicting. Hence, preclinical and clinical studies are indicated in this regard. Findings from different studies highlighted the neuroprotective role uric acid against the development and progression of AD and PD. The neuroprotective effect of uric acid is mediated by mitigating oxidative stress‐induced neurodegeneration. Long‐term effect of hyperuricemia predisposes for the development and progression of cognitive impairment by inducing oxidative stress, release of pro‐inflammatory TNF‐α and accumulation of Aβ.