Determination of Gonyautoxin-4 in Echinoderms and Gastropod Matrices by Conversion to Neosaxitoxin Using 2-Mercaptoethanol and Post-Column Oxidation Liquid Chromatography with Fluorescence Detection

Paralytic Shellfish Toxin blooms are common worldwide, which makes their monitoring crucial in the prevention of poisoning incidents. These toxins can be monitored by a variety of techniques, including mouse bioassay, receptor binding assay, and liquid chromatography with either mass spectrometric o...

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Published inToxins Vol. 8; no. 1; p. 11
Main Authors Silva, Marisa, Rey, Verónica, Botana, Ana, Vasconcelos, Vitor, Botana, Luis
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Switzerland MDPI AG 30.12.2015
MDPI
Subjects
Animals
Chromatography, Liquid
Fluorescence
Gastropoda
Gastropoda - chemistry
interfering matrix peaks
Marine
Mercaptoethanol - chemistry
Oxidation-Reduction
paralytic shellfish poisoning
post-column oxidation fluorescence
Saxitoxin - analogs & derivatives
Saxitoxin - analysis
Saxitoxin - chemistry
Starfish - chemistry
thiol compounds
toxins
thiol compounds
paralytic shellfish poisoning
interfering matrix peaks
post-column oxidation fluorescence
toxins
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Summary:Paralytic Shellfish Toxin blooms are common worldwide, which makes their monitoring crucial in the prevention of poisoning incidents. These toxins can be monitored by a variety of techniques, including mouse bioassay, receptor binding assay, and liquid chromatography with either mass spectrometric or pre- or post-column fluorescence detection. The post-column oxidation liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection method, used routinely in our laboratory, has been shown to be a reliable method for monitoring paralytic shellfish toxins in mussel, scallop, oyster and clam species. However, due to its high sensitivity to naturally fluorescent matrix interferences, when working with unconventional matrices, there may be problems in identifying toxins because of naturally fluorescent interferences that co-elute with the toxin peaks. This can lead to erroneous identification. In this study, in order to overcome this challenge in echinoderm and gastropod matrices, we optimized the conversion of Gonyautoxins 1 and 4 to Neosaxitoxin with 2-mercaptoethanol. We present a new and less time-consuming method with a good recovery (82.2%, RSD 1.1%, n = 3), requiring only a single reaction step.
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These authors contributed equally to this work.
ISSN:2072-6651
2072-6651
DOI:10.3390/toxins8010011