Adsorption separation of heavier isotope gases in subnanometer carbon pores

• Published in: Nature communications Vol. 12; no. 1; p. 546
• Main Authors: Ujjain, Sanjeev Kumar, Bagusetty, Abhishek, Matsuda, Yuki, Tanaka, Hideki, Ahuja, Preety, de Tomas, Carla, Sakai, Motomu, Vallejos-Burgos, Fernando, Futamura, Ryusuke, Suarez-Martinez, Irene, Matsukata, Masahiko, Kodama, Akio, Garberoglio, Giovanni, Gogotsi, Yury, Karl Johnson, J., Kaneko, Katsumi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 22.01.2021; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 140/58; 639/301/357/537; 639/925/357/537; Adsorption; Biomedical materials; Boiling points; Carbon 13; Carbon 14; Distillation; Energy consumption; Energy costs; Gas separation; Helium; Humanities and Social Sciences; Imaging techniques; INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; Isotopes; Liquefied gases; MATERIALS SCIENCE; Medical imaging; Methane; multidisciplinary; Natural gas; Neuroimaging; Operating costs; Oxygen; Pores; Positron emission; Positron emission tomography; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Selective adsorption; structural properties; Tomography
• ISSN: 2041-1723; 2041-1723
• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20744-6

Isotopes of heavier gases including carbon ( 13 C/ 14 C), nitrogen ( 13 N), and oxygen ( 18 O) are highly important because they can be substituted for naturally occurring atoms without significantly perturbing the biochemical properties of the radiolabelled parent molecules. These labelled molecules are employed in clinical radiopharmaceuticals, in studies of brain disease and as imaging probes for advanced medical imaging techniques such as positron-emission tomography (PET). Established distillation-based isotope gas separation methods have a separation factor ( S ) below 1.05 and incur very high operating costs due to high energy consumption and long processing times, highlighting the need for new separation technologies. Here, we show a rapid and highly selective adsorption-based separation of 18 O 2 from 16 O 2 with S above 60 using nanoporous adsorbents operating near the boiling point of methane (112 K), which is accessible through cryogenic liquefied-natural-gas technology. A collective-nuclear-quantum effect difference between the ordered 18 O 2 and 16 O 2 molecular assemblies confined in subnanometer pores can explain the observed equilibrium separation and is applicable to other isotopic gases. Separation of isotopes of heavier gases than hydrogen or helium is essential for biomedical applications, but current methods are very energy and time consuming. Here the authors report cryogenic separation of oxygen and methane isotopes through adsorption in nanoporous materials, based on a collective nuclear quantum effect.