Therapeutic Time Window for Edaravone Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury in Mice

• Published in: BioMed research international Vol. 2013; no. 2013; pp. 1 - 13
• Main Authors: Shioda, Seiji, Aruga, Tohru, Satoh, Kazue, Kiriyama, Keisuke, Song, Dandan, Tsumuraya, Tomomi, Dohi, Kenji, Ohtaki, Hirokazu, Miyamoto, Kazuyuki, Shimizu, Ai
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cairo, Egypt Hindawi Publishing Corporation 01.01.2013; John Wiley & Sons, Inc
• Subjects: Animals; Antipyrine - administration & dosage; Antipyrine - analogs & derivatives; Brain; Brain Injuries - drug therapy; Brain Injuries - pathology; Cell death; Disease Models, Animal; Dosage and administration; Free Radical Scavengers - administration & dosage; Injuries; Japan; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neurons - drug effects; Neurons - pathology; Neuroprotective agents; Oxidative Stress - drug effects; Reactive Oxygen Species; Tyrosine - analogs & derivatives; Tyrosine - metabolism; Japan
• ISSN: 2314-6133; 2314-6141
• DOI: 10.1155/2013/379206

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability in young people. No effective therapy is available to ameliorate its damaging effects. Our aim was to investigate the optimal therapeutic time window of edaravone, a free radical scavenger which is currently used in Japan. We also determined the temporal profile of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, oxidative stress, and neuronal death. Male C57Bl/6 mice were subjected to a controlled cortical impact (CCI). Edaravone (3.0 mg/kg), or vehicle, was administered intravenously at 0, 3, or 6 hours following CCI. The production of superoxide radicals (O2∙-) as a marker of ROS, of nitrotyrosine (NT) as an indicator of oxidative stress, and neuronal death were measured for 24 hours following CCI. Superoxide radical production was clearly evident 3 hours after CCI, with oxidative stress and neuronal cell death becoming apparent after 6 hours. Edaravone administration after CCI resulted in a significant reduction in the injury volume and oxidative stress, particularly at the 3-hour time point. Moreover, the greatest decrease in O2∙- levels was observed when edaravone was administered 3 hours following CCI. These findings suggest that edaravone could prove clinically useful to ameliorate the devastating effects of TBI.