Asymptomatic SARS-COV-2 carriage and sero-positivity in high risk contacts of COVID-19 cases

• Published in: Indian journal of medical microbiology Vol. 40; no. 2; pp. 279 - 284
• Main Authors: Das, Ayan Kumar, Chandra, Kailash, Dudeja, Mridu, Aalam, Mohd Khursheed
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier B.V 01.04.2022; Indian Association of Medical Microbiologists. Published by Elsevier B.V
• Subjects: Asymptomatic; Infection; Infectious Disease; Original; Real-time RT-PCR; SARS-COV2; Seropositivity; Real-time RT-PCR; Infection; SARS-COV2; Seropositivity; Asymptomatic
• ISSN: 0255-0857; 1998-3646
• DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmmb.2021.12.012

Identifying asymptomatic SARS-COV-2 carriage is one of the crucial factors in controlling the COVID 19 pandemic. The relationship between the asymptomatic viral carriage and the rate of seroconversion needs better understanding. The present study was conducted to identify the asymptomatic COVID-19 infection and seropositivity in high-risk contacts in the southern district of Delhi, India. Following the screening of 6961 subjects, a total of 407 asymptomatic high-risk subjects were selected. Demographic data, socioeconomic status, and history of COVID-19 related symptoms in the last 4 months were recorded. Blood samples and Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs were collected for the detection of SARS-COV-2 RNA and anti-SARS-COV-2 antibodies. 55 asymptomatic high-risk subjects (13.5%) tested positive for SARS-COV-2 infection and among them, 70.9% remained asymptomatic throughout their course of infection. The seropositivity among the subjects was 28.9% (n ​= ​118) and was found significantly higher among lower-middle socioeconomic strata (p ​= ​0.01). The antibody levels were significantly higher (p ​= ​0.033) in individuals with a previous history of COVID-19 like symptoms as compared to the subjects, who had no such history. Asymptomatic healthcare workers showed a significantly increased rate of SARS-COV-2 infection (p ​= ​0.004) and seropositivity (p ​= ​0.005) as compared to the non-healthcare workers. Subjects, who were exposed to infection at their workplace (non-hospital setting) had the least RT-PCR positivity rate (p ​= ​0.03). A large proportion of SARS-COV-2 infection remains completely asymptomatic. The rate of asymptomatic carriage and seropositivity is significantly higher in healthcare workers as compared to the general population. The level of SARS-COV-2 antibodies is directly related to the appearance of symptoms. These observations may contribute to redefining COVID 19 screening, infection control, and professional health practice strategies. •Point-prevalence of asymptomatic SARS-COV2 carriage was 13.5% in the study population.•Rate of infection was least in those exposed to infection at their workplace (non hospital setting).•28.9% of the subjects (n ​= ​118) were sero positive for SARS COV2 neutralizing antibodies.•Sero positivity was significantly higher in lower middle socio economic strata.•Asymptomatic SARS COV 2 infection and sero positivity was significantly higher in healthcare workers as compared to the non healthcare workers.