A global invasion by the thrip, Frankliniella occidentalis: Current virus vector status and its management

• Published in: Insect science Vol. 27; no. 4; pp. 626 - 645
• Main Authors: He, Zhen, Guo, Jing‐Fei, Reitz, Stuart R., Lei, Zhong‐Ren, Wu, Sheng‐Yong
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Australia Wiley Subscription Services, Inc 01.08.2020; John Wiley and Sons Inc
• Subjects: Agricultural practices; Agronomy; Alphacarmovirus; Animal Distribution; Animals; Control methods; Crop damage; Cropping systems; Crops; disease transmission; Economic importance; flowers; Frankliniella occidentalis; global distribution; Horticultural crops; Host plants; Ilarvirus; Insect Control; Insecticide resistance; Insecticides; Insecticides - therapeutic use; Integrated pest management; Introduced Species; invasion; Life span; longevity; Machlomovirus; Management systems; monitoring; Orthotospovirus; Pest control; Pest status; Pesticide resistance; Pests; Plant Diseases - virology; Plant viruses; Plant Viruses - physiology; Review; Species; Surveillance; Tactics; thrips; Thysanoptera - physiology; Thysanoptera - virology; Transmission; vegetables; virulence; Viruses; viruses transmission; invasion; viruses transmission; global distribution; integrated pest management; thrips
• ISSN: 1672-9609; 1744-7917; 1744-7917
• DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12721

Western flower thrip, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is among the most economically important agricultural pests globally, attacking a wide range of vegetable and horticultural crops. In addition to causing extensive crop damage, the species is notorious for vectoring destructive plant viruses, mainly belonging to the genera Orthotospovirus, Ilarvirus, Alphacarmovirus and Machlomovirus. Once infected by orthotospoviruses, thrips can remain virulent throughout their lifespan and continue transmitting viruses to host plants when and wherever they feed. These irruptive viral outbreaks in crops will permanently disrupt functional integrated pest management systems, and typically require a remedial treatment involving insecticides, contributing to further development of insecticide resistance. To mitigate against this continuing cycle, the most effective management is early and comprehensive surveillance of the pest species and recognition of plant viruses in the field. This review provides information on the pest status of F. occidentalis, discusses the current global status of the viruses vectored by this thrip species, examines the mechanisms involved in transmitting virus‐induced diseases by thrips, and reviews different management strategies, highlighting the potential management tactics developed for various cropping systems. The early surveillance and the utilization of potential methods for control of both F. occidentalis and viruses are proposed.