The Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Toonaciliatin K against Adjuvant Arthritis

• Published in: BioMed research international Vol. 2017; no. 2017; pp. 1 - 12
• Main Authors: Lu, XinGang, Xue, JingWei, Shen, QiXing, Xu, XiaoLi, Wang, YiRu, Ye, Jie, Gou, HaiXing, Zhao, Jie
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Cairo, Egypt Hindawi Publishing Corporation 01.01.2017; Hindawi; John Wiley & Sons, Inc
• Subjects: Anti-inflammatory agents; Arthritis; Biomedical research; Carrageenan; Cartilage; Citrus fruits; Cyclooxygenase-2; Cytokines; Cytotoxicity; Diabetes; Edema; Experiments; Geriatrics; Health aspects; Inflammation; Interleukin 1; Interleukin 6; Laboratories; Lipopolysaccharides; MAP kinase; Meliaceae; mRNA; Nitric-oxide synthase; Phytochemicals; Polymerase chain reaction; Prevention; Rats; Rheumatoid arthritis; Rodents; Signaling; Staining; Toluidine; Toluidine blue; Toona ciliata; Traditional Chinese medicine; Tumor necrosis factor; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; China
• ISSN: 2314-6133; 2314-6141; 2314-6141
• DOI: 10.1155/2017/9436280

Toonaciliatin K is a natural limonoid purified from the Toona ciliata Roem. var. ciliata (Meliaceae). This study is to reveal the inflammatory suppression effect of toonaciliatin K and further the intrinsic mechanism. Firstly, anti-inflammatory effect of toonaciliatin K was evaluated in lipopolysaccharide- (LPS-) induced RAW264.7 cells. RT-PCR results indicated that the mRNA expressions of TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β were downregulated by toonaciliatin K. The toonaciliatin K inhibited TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β levels stimulated by LPS. Furthermore, LPS elicited the excess iNOS and COX-2 mRNA and protein production and toonaciliatin K attenuated the excess production. Western blot assay demonstrated that MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathways play critical roles in the toonaciliatin K’s anti-inflammatory activity. Secondly, toonaciliatin K inhibited carrageenan-induced paw edema in rats. Thirdly, toonaciliatin K alleviated the paw swelling and improved arthritis clinical scores in the adjuvant arthritis rats. Toonaciliatin K decreased the proinflammatory cytokines levels and Mankin scores in adjuvant arthritis rats. The HE staining, safranin O-fast green, and toluidine blue staining results demonstrated that toonaciliatin K alleviated the histological changes of paw, for example, pannus formation, focal loss of cartilage, bone erosion, and presence of extra-articular inflammation. Hence, toonaciliatin K is a promising agent for treatment of arthritis.