A topic models analysis of the news coverage of the Omicron variant in the United Kingdom press

• Published in: BMC public health Vol. 23; no. 1; p. 1509
• Main Authors: Mayor, Eric, Miani, Alessandro
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 09.08.2023; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Airlines; Automation; Casualties; Constrictions; Coronaviruses; COVID-19; Disease transmission; Ebola virus; Economic impact; Impact analysis; Infections; Infectious diseases; Media analysis; News media; Omicron; Pandemics; Public health; Public understanding; Racialization; Representations; Social distancing; Social representations; Vaccination; Vaccines; Young adults; United Kingdom; United Kingdom > UK; Italy; China; COVID-19; Media analysis; Omicron; Public understanding; Social representations
• ISSN: 1471-2458; 1471-2458
• DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-16444-7

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused numerous casualties, overloaded hospitals, reduced the wellbeing of many and had a substantial negative economic impact globally. As the population of the United Kingdom was preparing for recovery, the uncertainty relating to the discovery of the new Omicron variant on November 24 2021 threatened those plans. There was thus an important need for sensemaking, which could be provided, partly, through diffusion of information in the press, which we here examine. We used topic modeling, to extract 50 topics from close to 1,500 UK press articles published during a period of approximately one month from the appearance of Omicron. We performed ANOVAs in order to compare topics between full weeks, starting on week 48 of 2021. The three topics documenting the new variant (Omicron origins, Virus mutations, News of a new variant) as well as mentions of vaccination excluding booster, Scotlands First minister statement (Communications) travel bans and mask wearing (Restrictions) and the impact of market and investing (Domains and events) decreased through time (all ps < .01). Some topics featured lower representation at week two or three with higher values before and after: Government's Scientific Advisory Group for Emergencies recommendations (Communications), Situation in the US, Situation in Europe (Other countries and regions), all ps < .01. Several topics referring to symptoms and cases-e.g., rises of infections, hospitalisations, the pandemic the holidays, mild symptoms and care; restrictions and measures-e.g., financial help, Christmas and Plan B, restrictions and New Year; and domains of consequences and events-e.g., such as politics, NHS and patients, retail sales and airlines, featured increasing representation, (all ps < .01). Other topics featured less regular or non-significant patterns. Changes in sensemaking in the press closely matched the changes in the official discourse relating to Omicron and reflects the trajectory of the infection and its local consequences.