Polymorphisms in the TOLLIP Gene Influence Susceptibility to Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Caused by Leishmania guyanensis in the Amazonas State of Brazil

• Published in: PLoS neglected tropical diseases Vol. 9; no. 6; p. e0003875
• Main Authors: Araujo, Felipe Jules de, Silva, Luan Diego Oliveira da, Mesquita, Tirza Gabrielle, Pinheiro, Suzana Kanawati, Vital, Wonei de Seixas, Chrusciak-Talhari, Anette, Guerra, Jorge Augusto de Oliveira, Talhari, Sinésio, Ramasawmy, Rajendranath
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Public Library of Science 24.06.2015; Public Library of Science (PLoS)
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Brazil - epidemiology; Confidence intervals; Cytokines; Female; Gene Frequency; Genealogy; Genes; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genotype; Humans; Infections; Infectious diseases; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins - genetics; Leishmania guyanensis - drug effects; Leishmania guyanensis - genetics; Leishmania guyanensis - isolation & purification; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - epidemiology; Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous - parasitology; Linkage Disequilibrium; Male; Middle Aged; Nitric oxide; Parasites; Parasitic diseases; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide - genetics; Population; Signal Transduction; Tumor necrosis factor-TNF; Young Adult; Brazil
• ISSN: 1935-2735; 1935-2727; 1935-2735
• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003875

The clinical outcome to Leishmania-infection is determined by the individual adaptive immune T helper cell responses and their interactions with parasitized host cells. An early development of a proinflammatory immune response (Th1 response) is necessary for Leishmania-infection resolution. The Toll-interacting protein (TOLLIP) regulates human Toll-like receptors signaling pathways by down regulating the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and inducing the ant-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 (IL-10). Polymorphisms in the TOLLIP gene are associated with infectious diseases. The polymorphisms rs5743899 and rs3750920 in the TOLLIP gene were genotyped by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis in 631 patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) caused by L. guyanensis and 530 individuals with no history of leishmaniasis. The G and T alleles of the rs5743899 and rs3750920 were more common in patients with CL than in healthy individuals (P = 2.6 x10(-8) ; odds ratio [OR], 1.7 [ 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-2.0] and P = 1.9 x10(-8) ; OR, 1.6 [95% CI 1.4-1.9] respectively). The r2 and D' linkage disequilibrium between the two polymorphisms are 0.05 and 0.473 with a confidence bounds of 0.37 to 0.57 respectively. The two polymorphisms are independently associated with an increased risk of developing CL.