FTO Gene Polymorphisms at the Crossroads of Metabolic Pathways of Obesity and Epigenetic Influences

In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene and its role in obesity. The FTO-encoded protein is involved in multiple molecular pathways contributing to obesity as well as other metabolic complexities. This review emphasizes the epigen...

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Published inFood technology and biotechnology Vol. 61; no. 1; pp. 14 - 26
Main Authors Popović, Ana-Marija, Huđek Turković, Ana, Žuna, Kristina, Bačun-Družina, Višnja, Rubelj, Ivica, Matovinović, Martina
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Croatia Sveuciliste U Zagrebu 01.01.2023
Sveuciliste u Zagrebu, Prehramheno-Biotehnoloski Fakultet
University of Zagreb Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology
Subjects
Body fat
Dietary supplements
Environmental changes
epigenetic influence
Epigenetic inheritance
Epigenetics
FTO gene
Gene expression
Gene polymorphism
Gene regulation
Genes
Genetic aspects
Metabolic pathways
Metabolism
Minireviews
Nucleotides
Obesity
Polymorphism
Proteins
Single nucleotide polymorphisms
Single-nucleotide polymorphism
Weight control
Croatia
FTO gene
epigenetic influence
single nucleotide polymorphisms
obesity
Online AccessGet full text
ISSN1330-9862
1334-2606
DOI10.17113/ftb.61.01.23.7594

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Summary:In this review, we summarize the current state of knowledge on the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene and its role in obesity. The FTO-encoded protein is involved in multiple molecular pathways contributing to obesity as well as other metabolic complexities. This review emphasizes the epigenetic influence on the FTO gene as a new approach in the treatment and management of obesity. Several known substances have a positive effect on reducing FTO expression. Depending on which variant of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is present, the profile and level of gene expression changes. Implementation of environmental change measures could lead to reduced phenotypic manifestation of FTO expression. Treating obesity through FTO gene regulation will have to include various complex signal pathways in which FTO takes part. Identification of FTO gene polymorphisms may be useful for the development of individual obesity management strategies, including the recommendation of taking certain foods and supplements.
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AUTHOR’S CONTRIBUTION
A.M. Popović wrote, edited and revised the manuscript. M. Matovinović oversaw the process of writing, participated in conception and design, and later of revision of the manuscript. They gave equal contribution. A. Huđek Turković, V. Bačun-Družina, K. Žuna and I. Rubelj provided suggestions and critical revision for the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
ISSN:1330-9862
1334-2606
DOI:10.17113/ftb.61.01.23.7594